What symbols should be used to represent amino acid sequences?

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Source: FAQ (MPEP-Based) BlueIron Update: 2024-09-29 10 Rules 5 Related FAQs This page is an FAQ based on guidance from the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only: it is not legal advice. According to WIPO Standard ST.26, amino acids in a sequence must be represented using the one-letter codes specified in Table 3: List of Amino Acids Symbols. Key points include: Only uppercase letters must be used. Each symbol represents only one residue. Use the most restrictive symbol for ambiguities (e.g., “B” for Asp or Asn, not “X”). “X” represents any amino acid, unless further described in the feature table. The MPEP states: “ Any symbol used to represent an amino acid is the equivalent of only one residue. “ Related Rules from the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure 10 rules Collapse Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences Must Be in XML Format MPEP 1823.02 Required Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences Must Be in XML Format MPEP 1848 Required WIPO Standard ST.26 Incorporation MPEP 2412 Access to Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequence Material at NARA MPEP 2412 Requirement for Sequence Disclosure in Filings MPEP 2412.05 Requirement for Sequence Listings in XML Format MPEP 2412 Sequence Listing Must Be In XML Format MPEP 2412 Required Sequence Data Must Be Presented in Standardized XML Format MPEP 2412 Sequence Listing Must Be In XML Format MPEP 2412 Sequence Listing Must Be In XML Format MPEP 2412 Permitted Other Related FAQs 5 FAQs Collapse How are amino acids with ambiguous positions represented in sequence listings? What are the accepted symbols for modified nucleotides in sequence listings? What symbols should be used to represent nucleotide sequences? What format should be used for nucleotide sequences in patent applications? How should circular sequences be represented in a sequence listing?