What are examples of mathematical concepts that are considered abstract ideas?
Examples of mathematical concepts considered abstract ideas include:
- Mathematical relationships
- Mathematical formulas or equations
- Mathematical calculations
Specific examples cited in MPEP 2106.04(a)(2) include:
- A procedure for converting binary-coded decimal numerals into pure binary form (Gottschalk v. Benson)
- A mathematical formula for calculating an alarm limit (Parker v. Flook)
- The Arrhenius equation (Diamond v. Diehr)
- A mathematical formula for hedging (Bilski v. Kappos)
The MPEP states: “The Court’s rationale for identifying these ‘mathematical concepts’ as judicial exceptions is that a ‘mathematical formula as such is not accorded the protection of our patent laws,’ … and thus ‘the discovery of [a mathematical formula] cannot support a patent unless there is some other inventive concept in its application.'”
To learn more:
Topics:
MPEP 2100 - Patentability,
MPEP 2106.04(A)(2) - Abstract Idea Groupings,
Patent Law,
Patent Procedure