How should circular nucleotide sequences be represented in patent applications?

According to MPEP 2412.05(b), circular nucleotide sequences in patent applications should be represented as follows: The applicant must choose the nucleotide in residue position number 1 Numbering is continuous throughout the entire sequence in the 5′ to 3′ direction The last residue position number must equal the total number of nucleotides in the sequence The…

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What is considered a “nucleotide” in a Sequence Listing XML?

According to MPEP 2412.03(d), a “nucleotide” in a Sequence Listing XML includes: Any nucleotide Nucleotide analogs Modified nucleotides The MPEP, citing WIPO Standard ST.26, specifies that a nucleotide must contain: A backbone moiety (e.g., 2′ deoxyribose 5′ monophosphate or an analogue) Either a nucleobase (including modified or synthetic purines or pyrimidines) or an “AP site”…

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What is the definition of “nucleotide” according to the MPEP?

According to MPEP 2412.03(d), a “nucleotide” is defined as follows: “‘Nucleotide’ includes any nucleotide, nucleotide analog, or modified nucleotide as defined in paragraphs 3(f) and 3(g) of WIPO Standard ST.26.” This definition encompasses a wide range of nucleotide structures, including both natural and modified forms. The MPEP further elaborates that a nucleotide contains: A specific…

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What is the definition of “amino acid” according to MPEP 2412.03(b)?

According to MPEP 2412.03(b), the definition of “amino acid” is broad and inclusive. The section states: “‘Amino acid’ includes any D- or L-amino acid or modified amino acid as defined in paragraph 3(a) of WIPO Standard ST.26.” This definition encompasses not only standard L-amino acids but also D-amino acids and modified amino acids with synthetic…

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What is a “Modified Nucleotide” according to MPEP 2412.03(e)?

According to MPEP 2412.03(e), a “Modified nucleotide” is defined as follows: “Modified nucleotide” includes any nucleotide as described in paragraph 3(f) of WIPO Standard ST.26. Further explanation from WIPO Standard ST.26 states that a modified nucleotide is any nucleotide other than the standard DNA and RNA nucleotides. Specifically, it excludes: deoxyadenosine 3′-monophosphate deoxyguanosine 3′-monophosphate deoxycytidine…

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How are modified amino acids represented in a sequence listing?

According to MPEP 2412.05(d), modified amino acids should be represented as follows: Represent as the corresponding unmodified amino acid when possible Use ‘X’ for modified amino acids that cannot be represented by other symbols Provide further description in a feature table The MPEP states, “WIPO Standard ST.26, paragraph 29, specifies that modified amino acids, including…

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