What are the benefits of using WIPO Standard ST.26 for sequence listings?

WIPO Standard ST.26 offers several benefits for sequence listings in patent applications: International Compatibility: It allows for a single, internationally acceptable sequence listing format. Language Neutrality: The format is language-neutral, facilitating use across different countries and regions. Standardization: It uses specified International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) identifiers, ensuring consistency across applications. Efficiency: A single…

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How do the Sequence Rules relate to WIPO Standard ST.26?

The USPTO Sequence Rules are closely aligned with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Standard ST.26. MPEP 2412.01 states that the XML file of the sequence information must conform to requirements that “specify requirements of particular paragraphs of WIPO Standard ST.26.” WIPO Standard ST.26 is an international standard for the presentation of nucleotide and amino…

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How does WIPO Standard ST.26 define “unknown” or “other” nucleotides and amino acids?

MPEP 2412.03(a) refers to WIPO Standard ST.26, which defines “unknown” or “other” nucleotides and amino acids using specific symbols: For nucleotides, the symbol “n” represents “unknown” or “other” For amino acids, the symbol “X” represents “unknown” or “other” The MPEP provides tables for both nucleotide and amino acid symbols, stating: n a or c or…

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How should unknown amino acids be represented in a sequence listing?

The MPEP 2412.05(d) provides guidance on representing unknown amino acids in sequence listings: Use the symbol ‘X’ to represent unknown amino acids Provide further description in a feature table Use the feature key “UNSURE” and optionally the qualifier “note” The MPEP states, “Any “unknown” amino acid must be represented by the symbol “X” in the…

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How does the MPEP define standard amino acids?

While the MPEP doesn’t directly define standard amino acids, it indirectly provides this information by referencing WIPO Standard ST.26. According to MPEP 2412.03(c): WIPO Standard ST.26, paragraph 3(e), identifies “modified amino acid” to mean any amino acid as described in the definition of “amino acid”, other than L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamine, L-glutamic…

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Which nucleotides are considered “specifically defined” according to WIPO Standard ST.26?

According to MPEP 2412.03(a), WIPO Standard ST.26 defines “specifically defined” nucleotides as any nucleotide other than those represented by the symbol “n”. The MPEP provides a table of nucleotide symbols, where: Symbols a, c, g, and t/u represent specifically defined nucleotides Symbols like m, r, w, s, y, k, v, h, d, and b represent…

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What is considered a “specifically defined” nucleotide or amino acid?

According to MPEP 2412.03(a), “specifically defined” refers to: For nucleotides: any nucleotide other than those represented by the symbol “n” For amino acids: any amino acid other than those represented by the symbol “X” The MPEP cites WIPO Standard ST.26, which provides tables of symbols for nucleotides and amino acids. For example, ‘a’ represents adenine,…

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