How should modified nucleotides be represented in a sequence listing?
Modified nucleotides should be represented as follows: Represent the modified nucleotide as the corresponding unmodified nucleotide (a, c, g, or t) whenever possible. If it cannot be represented by an unmodified nucleotide, use the symbol “n”. Further describe the modification in the feature table using the feature key “modified_base” and the mandatory qualifier “mod_base”. Use…
Read MoreWhat is considered a “nucleotide” in a Sequence Listing XML?
According to MPEP 2412.03(d), a “nucleotide” in a Sequence Listing XML includes: Any nucleotide Nucleotide analogs Modified nucleotides The MPEP, citing WIPO Standard ST.26, specifies that a nucleotide must contain: A backbone moiety (e.g., 2′ deoxyribose 5′ monophosphate or an analogue) Either a nucleobase (including modified or synthetic purines or pyrimidines) or an “AP site”…
Read MoreWhat are the standard single-letter codes for modified and unusual nucleotides in WIPO ST.25?
What are the standard single-letter codes for modified and unusual nucleotides in WIPO ST.25? WIPO ST.25 provides standard single-letter codes for modified and unusual nucleotides in sequence listings. According to MPEP 2423: “The nucleotides listed in Appendix 2, Table 2, are the only permitted nucleotides. Where a sequence includes “other” nucleotides, they must be represented…
Read MoreHow does the MPEP address nucleotide analogs in its definition?
The MPEP 2412.03(d) includes nucleotide analogs in its comprehensive definition of nucleotides. Specifically, it states: “‘Nucleotide’ includes any nucleotide, nucleotide analog, or modified nucleotide as defined in paragraphs 3(f) and 3(g) of WIPO Standard ST.26.” The MPEP further elaborates on nucleotide analogs by describing backbone moieties that can be part of these structures: “an analogue…
Read MoreWhat are the accepted symbols for modified nucleotides in sequence listings?
What are the accepted symbols for modified nucleotides in sequence listings? According to MPEP 2412.05, modified nucleotides can be represented in sequence listings using specific symbols. The MPEP states: “Modified nucleotides may be represented in the sequences as described in paragraph 3 of this section with the symbol “n,” and must be further described in…
Read MoreHow are modified nucleotides described in a patent application?
Modified nucleotides in patent applications are described according to MPEP 2412.05(b) as follows: Represent modified nucleotides as the corresponding unmodified nucleotides (a, c, g, t) when possible Use the symbol “n” for modified nucleotides that cannot be represented by other symbols Further describe modified nucleotides in a feature table using the feature key “modified_base” Use…
Read MoreHow should regions of consecutive modified nucleotides be described in a patent application?
According to MPEP 2412.05(b), regions of consecutive modified nucleotides in patent applications should be described as follows: Describe the region in a feature table as required for a modified nucleotide Modified nucleotides in the region can be jointly described in a single INSDFeature element Provide the most restrictive unabbreviated chemical name or a list of…
Read More