How do working examples in a patent specification affect enablement?

Working examples in a patent specification play a crucial role in demonstrating enablement, especially in unpredictable fields like biotechnology and chemistry. The MPEP Section 2164.06(b) provides insights on how courts evaluate working examples: In the In re Wands case, the court found that “the applicant carried out the entire procedure for making a monoclonal antibody…

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What is the role of working examples in determining enablement for chemical compounds?

Working examples play a crucial role in determining enablement for chemical compounds, especially in unpredictable arts. The MPEP 2121.02 provides guidance on this matter: “In chemical arts, the disclosure of a single species usually does not provide an adequate basis to support generic claims.“ Working examples serve several important functions: Demonstrating the actual synthesis and…

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What is the significance of WIPO published applications under AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2)?

Under the America Invents Act (AIA), WIPO published applications that designate the United States are treated as U.S. patent application publications for prior art purposes. This is significant because: They are considered prior art regardless of their international filing date It doesn’t matter if they are published in English or not They are prior art…

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How are WIPO published applications treated under AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2)?

Under the AIA, WIPO published applications that designate the United States are treated as U.S. patent application publications for prior art purposes. This treatment applies regardless of: The international filing date Whether they are published in English Whether the PCT international application enters the national stage in the United States The MPEP states: The WIPO…

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What are the requirements for a WIPO published application to be considered prior art under AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2)?

For a WIPO published application to be considered prior art under AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2), it must meet specific requirements. According to MPEP 2154.01(a): “AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) sets forth three descriptions of U.S. patent documents that are available as prior art as of the date they were effectively filed with respect to the subject…

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How does the effective filing date of a WIPO published application affect its use as prior art?

The effective filing date of a WIPO published application is crucial in determining its use as prior art. MPEP 2154.01(a) states: “The WIPO publication of a PCT international application that designates the United States is an application for patent deemed published under 35 U.S.C. 122(b) for purposes of AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) under 35 U.S.C.…

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How does the Federal Circuit’s decision in Williamson v. Citrix affect 112(f) interpretation?

The Federal Circuit’s decision in Williamson v. Citrix Online, LLC significantly impacted the interpretation of 35 U.S.C. 112(f). According to MPEP 2181: “The Federal Circuit has stated that the presumption that 35 U.S.C. 112(f) does not apply to a claim limitation that does not use the term “means” is overcome when the claim term fails…

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