Can a secret patent be used as prior art under 35 U.S.C. 102(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) or (b)?
No, a secret patent cannot be used as prior art under 35 U.S.C. 102(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) or (b). The MPEP 2126 states: “Even if a patent grants an exclusionary right (is enforceable), it is not available as prior art under 35 U.S.C. 102(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) or (b) if it…
Read MoreHow does pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(d) treat patents with a period of secrecy?
Under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(d), patents that have a period of secrecy after granting are treated differently than under other subsections of 35 U.S.C. 102. According to MPEP 2126: “But a period of secrecy after granting the patent has been held to have no effect in connection with pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(d). These patents are…
Read MoreWhat is the significance of the publication date for a U.S. patent document in prior art rejections?
The publication date of a U.S. patent document is crucial for determining its eligibility as prior art in patent rejections. According to MPEP 2126: “The date that the patent is made available to the public is the date it is available as a 35 U.S.C. 102(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) and (b) reference.” This…
Read MoreWhat constitutes a “patent” for rejection purposes under 35 U.S.C. 102(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) and (b)?
The designation of a document as a “patent” by a foreign country does not automatically qualify it as a patent for rejection purposes under U.S. patent law. As stated in MPEP 2126: “It is the substance of the rights conferred and the way information within the ‘patent’ is controlled that is determinative.” This means that…
Read MoreWhen is a patent considered available to the public for prior art purposes?
A patent is considered available to the public for prior art purposes under 35 U.S.C. 102(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) or (b) when it is made sufficiently accessible. According to MPEP 2126: “The patent is sufficiently available to the public for the purposes of 35 U.S.C. 102(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) or (b)…
Read MoreHow does the MPEP define a “patent” for prior art purposes under 35 U.S.C. 102?
The MPEP 2126 provides a specific definition for what constitutes a “patent” in the context of prior art rejections under 35 U.S.C. 102. It states: “The term ‘patent’ as used in 35 U.S.C. 102(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a), (b), and (d) includes utility models, inventor’s certificates, and similar patent rights issued by foreign countries.”…
Read MoreWhat is the effect of a foreign patent’s term on its use as prior art under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(d)?
The term or expiration of a foreign patent can impact its use as prior art under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(d). According to MPEP 2126: “In re Monks, 588 F.2d 308, 200 USPQ 129 (CCPA 1978) interpreted the language ‘patented in a foreign country’ in pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(d) to mean a patent which is enforceable.”…
Read MoreHow does the accessibility of foreign patents affect their use as prior art?
The accessibility of foreign patents is crucial in determining their use as prior art. Even if a foreign patent is difficult to access, it may still be considered prior art if it’s publicly available. The MPEP 2126 cites the case of In re Carlson, which states: “We recognize that Geschmacksmuster on display for public view…
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