Patent Law FAQ
This FAQ answers all your questions about patent law, patent procedure, and the patent examination process.
Amounts (1)
A result-effective variable is a parameter that is recognized in the prior art as affecting a particular result or outcome. The concept is important in patent law, particularly in obviousness determinations. According to MPEP 2144.05:
“A recognition in the prior art that a property is affected by the variable is sufficient to find the variable result-effective.”
The idea behind the result-effective variable analysis is that a person of ordinary skill would be motivated to optimize a parameter if there is evidence in the prior art that the parameter affects the result. However, it’s important to note that after the KSR decision:
“[T]he presence of a known result-effective variable would be one, but not the only, motivation for a person of ordinary skill in the art to experiment to reach another workable product or process.”
Applicants can rebut a prima facie case of obviousness by showing that the claimed variable was not recognized as result-effective in the prior art, but this is considered a narrow exception.
To learn more:
And Proportions (1)
A result-effective variable is a parameter that is recognized in the prior art as affecting a particular result or outcome. The concept is important in patent law, particularly in obviousness determinations. According to MPEP 2144.05:
“A recognition in the prior art that a property is affected by the variable is sufficient to find the variable result-effective.”
The idea behind the result-effective variable analysis is that a person of ordinary skill would be motivated to optimize a parameter if there is evidence in the prior art that the parameter affects the result. However, it’s important to note that after the KSR decision:
“[T]he presence of a known result-effective variable would be one, but not the only, motivation for a person of ordinary skill in the art to experiment to reach another workable product or process.”
Applicants can rebut a prima facie case of obviousness by showing that the claimed variable was not recognized as result-effective in the prior art, but this is considered a narrow exception.
To learn more:
MPEP 200 – Types and Status of Application; Benefit and Priority (1)
Divisional applications and provisional applications are distinct types of patent applications with different purposes and characteristics:
- Divisional Application: Claims subject matter from a prior non-provisional application that is independent and distinct from the original claims.
- Provisional Application: A temporary application that establishes a priority date but does not mature into an issued patent.
The MPEP explicitly states in MPEP ¶ 2.01:
“An application claiming the benefit of a provisional application under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) should not be called a ‘divisional’ of the prior application.”
This distinction is important because divisional applications claim the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 120, while provisional applications are claimed under 35 U.S.C. 119(e).
For more information on Divisional application, visit: Divisional application.
For more information on patent law, visit: patent law.
For more information on provisional application, visit: provisional application.
For more information on USPTO, visit: USPTO.
MPEP 200 – Types and Status of Application; Benefit and Priority Claims (1)
Yes, design patent applications can be filed as continuations or continuations-in-part (CIPs), but with some specific considerations:
1. Continuations: A design application can be a continuation of a prior design application.
2. Continuations-in-part: A design application can be a CIP of a prior design application if it adds new matter.
3. Relationship to Utility Applications: A design application can also be a continuation or CIP of a utility application, provided the drawings in the utility application sufficiently disclose the claimed design.
The MPEP states: “A design application may be considered to be a divisional of a utility application (but not of a provisional application), and is entitled to the filing date thereof if the drawings of the earlier filed utility application show the same article as that in the design application sufficiently to comply with 35 U.S.C. 112(a). However, such a divisional design application may only be filed under the procedure set forth in 37 CFR 1.53(b), and not under 37 CFR 1.53(d).”
It’s important to note that while not explicitly stated for continuations and CIPs, the same principle applies – the earlier application must sufficiently disclose the claimed design.
MPEP 201 – Types of Applications (2)
Divisional applications and provisional applications are distinct types of patent applications with different purposes and characteristics:
- Divisional Application: Claims subject matter from a prior non-provisional application that is independent and distinct from the original claims.
- Provisional Application: A temporary application that establishes a priority date but does not mature into an issued patent.
The MPEP explicitly states in MPEP ¶ 2.01:
“An application claiming the benefit of a provisional application under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) should not be called a ‘divisional’ of the prior application.”
This distinction is important because divisional applications claim the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 120, while provisional applications are claimed under 35 U.S.C. 119(e).
For more information on Divisional application, visit: Divisional application.
For more information on patent law, visit: patent law.
For more information on provisional application, visit: provisional application.
For more information on USPTO, visit: USPTO.
Yes, design patent applications can be filed as continuations or continuations-in-part (CIPs), but with some specific considerations:
1. Continuations: A design application can be a continuation of a prior design application.
2. Continuations-in-part: A design application can be a CIP of a prior design application if it adds new matter.
3. Relationship to Utility Applications: A design application can also be a continuation or CIP of a utility application, provided the drawings in the utility application sufficiently disclose the claimed design.
The MPEP states: “A design application may be considered to be a divisional of a utility application (but not of a provisional application), and is entitled to the filing date thereof if the drawings of the earlier filed utility application show the same article as that in the design application sufficiently to comply with 35 U.S.C. 112(a). However, such a divisional design application may only be filed under the procedure set forth in 37 CFR 1.53(b), and not under 37 CFR 1.53(d).”
It’s important to note that while not explicitly stated for continuations and CIPs, the same principle applies – the earlier application must sufficiently disclose the claimed design.
MPEP 2100 – Patentability (2)
A result-effective variable is a parameter that is recognized in the prior art as affecting a particular result or outcome. The concept is important in patent law, particularly in obviousness determinations. According to MPEP 2144.05:
“A recognition in the prior art that a property is affected by the variable is sufficient to find the variable result-effective.”
The idea behind the result-effective variable analysis is that a person of ordinary skill would be motivated to optimize a parameter if there is evidence in the prior art that the parameter affects the result. However, it’s important to note that after the KSR decision:
“[T]he presence of a known result-effective variable would be one, but not the only, motivation for a person of ordinary skill in the art to experiment to reach another workable product or process.”
Applicants can rebut a prima facie case of obviousness by showing that the claimed variable was not recognized as result-effective in the prior art, but this is considered a narrow exception.
To learn more:
The enablement requirement in patent law serves to ensure that the invention is sufficiently described to allow the public to make and use it. As explained in MPEP 2165.02:
“The enablement requirement looks to placing the subject matter of the claims generally in the possession of the public.”
This means that the patent application must provide enough information for a person skilled in the relevant field to understand and reproduce the invention without undue experimentation. The enablement requirement is crucial for fulfilling the patent system’s goal of promoting the progress of science and useful arts by ensuring that inventions are fully disclosed in exchange for patent protection.
To learn more:
MPEP 2144.05 – Obviousness Of Similar And Overlapping Ranges (1)
A result-effective variable is a parameter that is recognized in the prior art as affecting a particular result or outcome. The concept is important in patent law, particularly in obviousness determinations. According to MPEP 2144.05:
“A recognition in the prior art that a property is affected by the variable is sufficient to find the variable result-effective.”
The idea behind the result-effective variable analysis is that a person of ordinary skill would be motivated to optimize a parameter if there is evidence in the prior art that the parameter affects the result. However, it’s important to note that after the KSR decision:
“[T]he presence of a known result-effective variable would be one, but not the only, motivation for a person of ordinary skill in the art to experiment to reach another workable product or process.”
Applicants can rebut a prima facie case of obviousness by showing that the claimed variable was not recognized as result-effective in the prior art, but this is considered a narrow exception.
To learn more:
MPEP 2165.02 – Best Mode Requirement Compared To Enablement Requirement (1)
The enablement requirement in patent law serves to ensure that the invention is sufficiently described to allow the public to make and use it. As explained in MPEP 2165.02:
“The enablement requirement looks to placing the subject matter of the claims generally in the possession of the public.”
This means that the patent application must provide enough information for a person skilled in the relevant field to understand and reproduce the invention without undue experimentation. The enablement requirement is crucial for fulfilling the patent system’s goal of promoting the progress of science and useful arts by ensuring that inventions are fully disclosed in exchange for patent protection.
To learn more:
MPEP 500 – Receipt and Handling of Mail and Papers (1)
Fraudulently establishing small entity status or paying fees as a small entity is considered a serious offense. According to 37 CFR 1.27(h): ‘Any attempt to fraudulently establish status as a small entity or pay fees as a small entity will be considered as a fraud practiced or attempted on the Office.’
The consequences of such actions can be severe, potentially including:
- Invalidation of the patent
- Criminal charges for fraud
- Disciplinary action against registered patent practitioners
It’s crucial to ensure that all claims to small entity status are truthful and accurate. Do not rely on oral advice from USPTO employees regarding entitlement to small entity status.
To learn more:
Patent Law (5)
A result-effective variable is a parameter that is recognized in the prior art as affecting a particular result or outcome. The concept is important in patent law, particularly in obviousness determinations. According to MPEP 2144.05:
“A recognition in the prior art that a property is affected by the variable is sufficient to find the variable result-effective.”
The idea behind the result-effective variable analysis is that a person of ordinary skill would be motivated to optimize a parameter if there is evidence in the prior art that the parameter affects the result. However, it’s important to note that after the KSR decision:
“[T]he presence of a known result-effective variable would be one, but not the only, motivation for a person of ordinary skill in the art to experiment to reach another workable product or process.”
Applicants can rebut a prima facie case of obviousness by showing that the claimed variable was not recognized as result-effective in the prior art, but this is considered a narrow exception.
To learn more:
Fraudulently establishing small entity status or paying fees as a small entity is considered a serious offense. According to 37 CFR 1.27(h): ‘Any attempt to fraudulently establish status as a small entity or pay fees as a small entity will be considered as a fraud practiced or attempted on the Office.’
The consequences of such actions can be severe, potentially including:
- Invalidation of the patent
- Criminal charges for fraud
- Disciplinary action against registered patent practitioners
It’s crucial to ensure that all claims to small entity status are truthful and accurate. Do not rely on oral advice from USPTO employees regarding entitlement to small entity status.
To learn more:
The enablement requirement in patent law serves to ensure that the invention is sufficiently described to allow the public to make and use it. As explained in MPEP 2165.02:
“The enablement requirement looks to placing the subject matter of the claims generally in the possession of the public.”
This means that the patent application must provide enough information for a person skilled in the relevant field to understand and reproduce the invention without undue experimentation. The enablement requirement is crucial for fulfilling the patent system’s goal of promoting the progress of science and useful arts by ensuring that inventions are fully disclosed in exchange for patent protection.
To learn more:
Divisional applications and provisional applications are distinct types of patent applications with different purposes and characteristics:
- Divisional Application: Claims subject matter from a prior non-provisional application that is independent and distinct from the original claims.
- Provisional Application: A temporary application that establishes a priority date but does not mature into an issued patent.
The MPEP explicitly states in MPEP ¶ 2.01:
“An application claiming the benefit of a provisional application under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) should not be called a ‘divisional’ of the prior application.”
This distinction is important because divisional applications claim the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 120, while provisional applications are claimed under 35 U.S.C. 119(e).
For more information on Divisional application, visit: Divisional application.
For more information on patent law, visit: patent law.
For more information on provisional application, visit: provisional application.
For more information on USPTO, visit: USPTO.
Yes, design patent applications can be filed as continuations or continuations-in-part (CIPs), but with some specific considerations:
1. Continuations: A design application can be a continuation of a prior design application.
2. Continuations-in-part: A design application can be a CIP of a prior design application if it adds new matter.
3. Relationship to Utility Applications: A design application can also be a continuation or CIP of a utility application, provided the drawings in the utility application sufficiently disclose the claimed design.
The MPEP states: “A design application may be considered to be a divisional of a utility application (but not of a provisional application), and is entitled to the filing date thereof if the drawings of the earlier filed utility application show the same article as that in the design application sufficiently to comply with 35 U.S.C. 112(a). However, such a divisional design application may only be filed under the procedure set forth in 37 CFR 1.53(b), and not under 37 CFR 1.53(d).”
It’s important to note that while not explicitly stated for continuations and CIPs, the same principle applies – the earlier application must sufficiently disclose the claimed design.
Patent Procedure (5)
Fraudulently establishing small entity status or paying fees as a small entity is considered a serious offense. According to 37 CFR 1.27(h): ‘Any attempt to fraudulently establish status as a small entity or pay fees as a small entity will be considered as a fraud practiced or attempted on the Office.’
The consequences of such actions can be severe, potentially including:
- Invalidation of the patent
- Criminal charges for fraud
- Disciplinary action against registered patent practitioners
It’s crucial to ensure that all claims to small entity status are truthful and accurate. Do not rely on oral advice from USPTO employees regarding entitlement to small entity status.
To learn more:
The enablement requirement in patent law serves to ensure that the invention is sufficiently described to allow the public to make and use it. As explained in MPEP 2165.02:
“The enablement requirement looks to placing the subject matter of the claims generally in the possession of the public.”
This means that the patent application must provide enough information for a person skilled in the relevant field to understand and reproduce the invention without undue experimentation. The enablement requirement is crucial for fulfilling the patent system’s goal of promoting the progress of science and useful arts by ensuring that inventions are fully disclosed in exchange for patent protection.
To learn more:
Divisional applications and provisional applications are distinct types of patent applications with different purposes and characteristics:
- Divisional Application: Claims subject matter from a prior non-provisional application that is independent and distinct from the original claims.
- Provisional Application: A temporary application that establishes a priority date but does not mature into an issued patent.
The MPEP explicitly states in MPEP ¶ 2.01:
“An application claiming the benefit of a provisional application under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) should not be called a ‘divisional’ of the prior application.”
This distinction is important because divisional applications claim the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 120, while provisional applications are claimed under 35 U.S.C. 119(e).
For more information on Divisional application, visit: Divisional application.
For more information on patent law, visit: patent law.
For more information on provisional application, visit: provisional application.
For more information on USPTO, visit: USPTO.
Yes, design patent applications can be filed as continuations or continuations-in-part (CIPs), but with some specific considerations:
1. Continuations: A design application can be a continuation of a prior design application.
2. Continuations-in-part: A design application can be a CIP of a prior design application if it adds new matter.
3. Relationship to Utility Applications: A design application can also be a continuation or CIP of a utility application, provided the drawings in the utility application sufficiently disclose the claimed design.
The MPEP states: “A design application may be considered to be a divisional of a utility application (but not of a provisional application), and is entitled to the filing date thereof if the drawings of the earlier filed utility application show the same article as that in the design application sufficiently to comply with 35 U.S.C. 112(a). However, such a divisional design application may only be filed under the procedure set forth in 37 CFR 1.53(b), and not under 37 CFR 1.53(d).”
It’s important to note that while not explicitly stated for continuations and CIPs, the same principle applies – the earlier application must sufficiently disclose the claimed design.