What is a Certificate of Extension of Patent Term?

A Certificate of Extension of Patent Term is an official document issued by the Director of the USPTO to extend the term of a patent that has been determined eligible for extension under 35 U.S.C. 156. According to MPEP 2759, “Such certificate shall be recorded in the official file of the patent and shall be…

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What are “certain methods of organizing human activity” in the context of abstract ideas?

“Certain methods of organizing human activity” is one of the three main categories of abstract ideas outlined in MPEP 2106.04(a)(2). This category includes: Fundamental economic principles or practices Commercial or legal interactions Managing personal behavior or relationships or interactions between people The MPEP provides specific examples for each sub-category: “Fundamental economic principles or practices include…

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What are the specific categories of abstract ideas in patent law?

According to MPEP 2106.04(a)(2), there are three main categories of abstract ideas: Mathematical concepts: Including mathematical relationships, formulas, equations, and calculations. Certain methods of organizing human activity: This includes fundamental economic principles or practices, commercial or legal interactions, and managing personal behavior or relationships. Mental processes: Concepts performed in the human mind, such as observations,…

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What is considered a “biotechnological process” under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 103(b)?

Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 103(b) provides a specific definition for a “biotechnological process.” According to the statute, it includes: A process of genetically altering or inducing a single- or multi-celled organism to: Express an exogenous nucleotide sequence Inhibit, eliminate, augment, or alter expression of an endogenous nucleotide sequence Express a specific physiological characteristic not naturally associated…

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What is considered biological material capable of self-replication?

Biological material capable of self-replication includes material that can reproduce either directly or indirectly. According to MPEP 2403.01: “Biological material includes material that is capable of self-replication either directly or indirectly. Direct self-replication includes those situations where the biological material reproduces by itself.” Examples of directly self-replicating materials are provided in the rule. Indirect self-replication…

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How does the best mode requirement contribute to public disclosure in patent law?

The best mode requirement contributes to public disclosure by ensuring that inventors share their most effective method of implementing the invention. This aligns with the patent system’s goal of promoting technological progress. As stated in MPEP 2165.02: “If, however, the applicant [inventor] develops specific instrumentalities or techniques which are recognized by the [inventor] at the…

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What is the best mode requirement in patent law?

The best mode requirement in patent law refers to the obligation of an inventor to disclose the best way they know of carrying out their invention at the time of filing the patent application. This is part of the broader disclosure requirements in patent law. As stated in MPEP 2165.03: “The examiner should assume that…

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What is the obligation imposed by the best mode requirement?

The best mode requirement imposes an obligation on inventors to disclose the best way they know of carrying out their invention at the time of filing the patent application. MPEP 2165.02 cites a key Federal Circuit decision: “If, however, the applicant [inventor] develops specific instrumentalities or techniques which are recognized by the [inventor] at the…

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What is the basis for including negative limitations in patent claims?

The basis for including negative limitations in patent claims must be found in the original disclosure of the patent application. According to MPEP 2173.05(i): “Any negative limitation or exclusionary proviso must have basis in the original disclosure. If alternative elements are positively recited in the specification, they may be explicitly excluded in the claims.” This…

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