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What symbols should be used to represent nucleotides in a sequence?

By russ.krajec@blueironip.com | September 30, 2024

According to MPEP 2412.05(b), the symbols for representing nucleotides in a sequence are as follows: Use only lower-case letters Refer to Table 1: List of Nucleotides Symbols in MPEP 2412.03(a) The symbol “t” represents thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA Use the most restrictive ambiguity symbol when appropriate The symbol “n” represents any nucleotide…

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What symbols should be used to represent amino acids in a sequence listing?

By russ.krajec@blueironip.com | September 29, 2024

The MPEP 2412.05(d) provides guidance on the symbols to be used for amino acid representation: Use symbols set forth in Table 3 of WIPO Standard ST.26 Only uppercase letters must be used Each symbol represents only one residue Use the most restrictive symbol for ambiguities The MPEP states, “WIPO Standard ST.26, paragraph 26, specifies that…

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How should ambiguity symbols be used in nucleotide sequences?

By russ.krajec@blueironip.com | September 29, 2024

The MPEP 2423.01 provides guidance on using ambiguity symbols in nucleotide sequences: “For those nucleotides that are ambiguous in designation, the list of one-letter codes given in WIPO Standard ST.25 (1998), Appendix 2, Table 2, must be used.” Some common ambiguity symbols include: n – a or c or g or t/u r – a…

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How should ambiguity symbols be used in amino acid sequences?

By russ.krajec@blueironip.com | September 29, 2024

The use of ambiguity symbols in amino acid sequences is addressed in MPEP 2412.05(d). Here are the key points: Ambiguity symbols are used when an amino acid in a sequence is not clearly identified. The MPEP states: “The symbol “Xaa” or “X” should be used for an unknown or other amino acid.“ When “X” is…

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