How are modified bases represented in nucleotide sequence listings?
According to MPEP 2422, modified bases in nucleotide sequence listings can be represented as follows: The modified base can be represented as the corresponding unmodified base in the sequence itself. The modification must be further described in numeric identifier <223> of the Feature section of the “Sequence Listing”. Specific symbols for modified bases may be…
Read MoreHow are codons that span introns represented in sequence listings?
The MPEP addresses the representation of codons that span introns in 37 CFR 1.822(c)(3). Specifically, it states: “In those situations, the ‘amino acid symbol shall be listed below the portion of the codon containing two nucleotides.’” This requirement clarifies how to represent an amino acid corresponding to a codon that spans an intron. It ensures…
Read MoreHow should circular sequences be represented in a sequence listing?
Circular sequences should be represented as follows: For nucleotide sequences: The applicant must choose the nucleotide in residue position number 1. Numbering is continuous throughout the entire sequence in the 5′ to 3′ direction. For amino acid sequences: When an amino acid sequence is circular and the ring consists solely of amino acid residues linked…
Read MoreWhat is the requirement for referencing sequences in patent applications?
According to 37 CFR 1.831(c), each nucleotide and/or amino acid sequence set forth in a “Sequence Listing XML” must be referenced by a sequence identifier in the text of the description or claims. The MPEP states: “reference must be made to the sequence by use of the sequence identifier, preceded by ‘SEQ ID NO:’ or…
Read MoreWhich patent applications are subject to the new Sequence Listing XML requirements?
The new Sequence Listing XML requirements apply to specific patent applications, as stated in the MPEP: “This section is applicable to all applications filed on or after July 1, 2022, having disclosures of nucleotide and/or amino acid sequences as defined in 37 CFR 1.831(b).” This means that any patent application filed on or after July…
Read MoreWhat types of patent applications require a Sequence Listing XML?
According to MPEP 2415, the Sequence Listing XML requirement applies to “Patent applications that contain disclosures of nucleotide and/or amino acid sequences.” This means any patent application filed on or after July 1, 2022, that includes biological sequence data as defined in 37 CFR 1.831(b) must submit this data in the Sequence Listing XML format…
Read MoreHow are nucleotide sequences treated in patent applications?
Nucleotide sequences that encode different proteins are typically treated as structurally distinct chemical compounds in patent applications. The MPEP states: “Polynucleotide molecules defined by their nucleic acid sequence (hereinafter “nucleotide sequences”) that encode different proteins are structurally distinct chemical compounds. These sequences are thus deemed to normally constitute independent and distinct inventions within the meaning…
Read MoreWhat format should be used for nucleotide sequences in patent applications?
What format should be used for nucleotide sequences in patent applications? According to MPEP 2412.05, nucleotide sequences in patent applications must follow a specific format: “A nucleotide sequence must be presented as a lowercase sequence using the standard symbols for nucleotides.” This means that when presenting nucleotide sequences in your patent application: Use lowercase letters…
Read MoreWhat symbols should be used to represent nucleotide sequences?
According to WIPO Standard ST.26, paragraph 13, all nucleotides in a sequence must be represented using the symbols in Table 1: List of Nucleotides Symbols. Only lowercase letters must be used. The most important symbols are: a – for adenine c – for cytosine g – for guanine t – for thymine in DNA or…
Read MoreHow do the sequence rules apply to nucleotide sequences in patent applications?
How do the sequence rules apply to nucleotide sequences in patent applications? The sequence rules for nucleotide sequences in patent applications have specific requirements as outlined in MPEP 2412.01: “The rules require disclosure of nucleotide and/or amino acid sequences […] if a sequence is disclosed in a patent application by enumeration of its residues and…
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