What is a protest in patent law?
A protest in patent law is a submission by the public against pending patent applications, as permitted by 37 CFR 1.291. The MPEP states that “37 CFR 1.291 permits protests by the public against pending applications.” These protests are not limited to prior art documents but can include any information that, in the protestor’s opinion,…
Read MoreWhat is the “on sale” bar under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)?
The “on sale” bar under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b) prevents an inventor from obtaining a patent if the invention was on sale in the United States more than one year prior to the date of the application for patent. The Supreme Court in Pfaff v. Wells Electronics, Inc. established a two-part test for determining if…
Read MoreWhat is an omnibus claim in patent law?
An omnibus claim is a type of patent claim that typically reads as follows: “A device substantially as shown and described.” This type of claim is generally considered problematic in patent law. According to MPEP 2173.05(r), “This claim should be rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, because it is…
Read MoreWhat is a Notice of Intent to Issue Inter Partes Reexamination Certificate (NIRC)?
A Notice of Intent to Issue Inter Partes Reexamination Certificate (NIRC) is a document issued by the patent examiner at the conclusion of an inter partes reexamination proceeding. It is prepared using Form PTOL-2068 and indicates the examiner’s intention to issue a reexamination certificate. According to the MPEP, Upon conclusion of the inter partes reexamination…
Read MoreWhat is a means-plus-function claim limitation?
A means-plus-function claim limitation is a claim element that uses the term “means” (or “step”) and is coupled with functional language, without reciting specific structure to perform the function. These limitations are interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f). As stated in the MPEP: “An element in a claim for a combination may be expressed as a…
Read MoreWhat is considered “material information” in patent disclosure?
While the MPEP 2002.01 section doesn’t provide a specific definition of “material information,” it does mention that not all information needs to be disclosed to the USPTO. The MPEP states: “Information that is not material need not be passed along to the Office.” Generally, material information is any information that a reasonable examiner would consider…
Read MoreWhat is a Markush group in patent claims?
A Markush group is a claim construction that lists alternatives to define a limitation in a patent claim. As stated in the MPEP 2173.05(h): “Claims that set forth a list of alternatives from which a selection is to be made are typically referred to as Markush claims, after the appellant in Ex parte Markush, 1925…
Read MoreWhat is the definition of joint inventorship?
Joint inventorship occurs when two or more individuals collaborate to create an invention. The MPEP provides guidance on joint inventorship based on 35 U.S.C. 116: “When an invention is made by two or more persons jointly, they shall apply for patent jointly and each make the required oath, except as otherwise provided in this title.…
Read MoreWhat is an interim extension of patent term?
An interim extension of patent term is a temporary extension granted by the Director of the USPTO under 35 U.S.C. 156(e)(2) when a patent’s term would expire before a final decision on a patent term extension application can be made. As stated in the MPEP: “If the term of a patent for which an application…
Read MoreWhat is an interfering claim in a patent application?
An interfering claim in a patent application refers to a claim that covers the same subject matter as a claim in another application or patent by a different inventor. According to MPEP 2304.04(a), “If the applicant already has a claim to the same subject matter as a claim in the application or patent of another…
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