What determines if an application is subject to pre-AIA or AIA patent laws?
The determining factor for whether an application is subject to pre-AIA or AIA patent laws is its filing date. Applications filed before March 16, 2013, are governed by pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103. As stated in MPEP 2159.01: “The changes to 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 in the AIA do not apply to any…
Read MoreWhen do pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 apply to applications filed on or after March 16, 2013?
Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 can still apply to applications filed on or after March 16, 2013, under specific circumstances. The MPEP states: “Applications filed on or after March 16, 2013 are also subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 if the application has never contained a claim with an effective filing date on or…
Read MoreCan an application be subject to both pre-AIA and AIA provisions simultaneously?
Yes, an application can be subject to both pre-AIA and AIA provisions simultaneously, but with specific limitations. The MPEP 2159.03 states: “Thus, if an application contains, or contained at any time, any claim having an effective filing date that occurs before March 16, 2013, and also contains, or contained at any time, any claim having…
Read MoreWhat determines if an application is subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103?
An application is subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 if it was filed before March 16, 2013. As stated in the MPEP, Any application filed before March 16, 2013, is governed by pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (i.e., the application is a pre-AIA first to invent application). This means that the filing…
Read MoreCan pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) references be used in obviousness rejections under 35 U.S.C. 103?
Yes, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) references can be used in obviousness rejections under 35 U.S.C. 103. The MPEP cites Supreme Court authorization for this practice: “The Supreme Court has authorized 35 U.S.C. 103 rejections based on pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)… Obviousness can be shown by combining other prior art with the U.S. patent reference in…
Read MoreWhat is the “person of ordinary skill in the art” in obviousness determinations?
The “person of ordinary skill in the art” is a hypothetical figure used in obviousness determinations under 35 U.S.C. 103. The MPEP explains: “To reach a proper determination under 35 U.S.C. 103, the examiner must step backward in time and into the shoes worn by the hypothetical ‘person of ordinary skill in the art’.” This…
Read MoreWhat is the framework for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103?
The framework for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 is based on the Graham v. John Deere Co. case. The Supreme Court in KSR reaffirmed this framework, which includes the following factual inquiries: The scope and content of the prior art The differences between the claimed invention and the prior art The level of ordinary…
Read MoreWhat are the requirements for examining claims under 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 with means-plus-function limitations?
When examining claims with means-plus-function limitations under 35 U.S.C. 102 or 35 U.S.C. 103, examiners must consider both the claimed subject matter and the means or step that performs the specified function. The MPEP 2185 states: “When examining the claims under 35 U.S.C. 102 or 103 a determination of whether the prior art anticipates or…
Read MoreWhat is the significance of March 16, 2013 in patent law?
March 16, 2013 is a crucial date in patent law due to the implementation of the America Invents Act (AIA). This date determines which version of 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 applies to a patent application. As stated in MPEP 2159.03: “Even if AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 apply to a patent application, pre-AIA…
Read MoreHow does the level of ordinary skill in the art affect obviousness determinations?
How does the level of ordinary skill in the art affect obviousness determinations? The level of ordinary skill in the art is a critical factor in obviousness determinations under 35 U.S.C. 103. According to MPEP 2141: “The person of ordinary skill in the art is a hypothetical person who is presumed to have known the…
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