MPEP § 2303 — Completion of Examination (Annotated Rules)

§2303 Completion of Examination

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 2303, including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Completion of Examination

This section addresses Completion of Examination. Primary authority: 35 U.S.C. 121, 35 U.S.C. 154(b)(1)(C)(i), and 35 U.S.C. 154(b)(1)(C). Contains: 2 requirements, 2 guidance statements, 8 permissions, and 11 other statements.

Key Rules

Topic

Restriction Requirement (MPEP 802-803)

9 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2303-30b36463b8838e76b074e8da]
Requirement for Independent Inventions and Examiner Burden
Note:
The rule requires that restrictions be applied when inventions are independent or distinct as claimed, and there would be a serious burden on the examiner if restriction is not required.

Ordinarily restrictions are limited to situations where (A) the inventions are independent or distinct as claimed, and (B) there would be a serious burden on the examiner if restriction is not required (see MPEP § 803). Potential interferences present an additional situation in which a restriction requirement may be appropriate. Specifically, restriction of interfering claims from non-interfering claims, or from unpatentable claims whose further prosecution would unduly delay initiation of an interference, can be an appropriate use of restrictions under 35 U.S.C. 121. An Interference Practice Specialist (IPS) should be consulted in making and resolving restrictions under this heading. An applicant may, of course, also choose to cancel claims and refile them in a continuation application without waiting for the restriction requirement.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Restriction Requirement (MPEP 802-803)Interference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)Restriction and Election Practice (MPEP Chapter 800)
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2303-f7fb2fe9107c55a281d5186b]
Restriction Requirement for Interfering Claims
Note:
A restriction requirement may be appropriate when claims are interfering with each other or with unpatentable claims that would delay an interference.

Ordinarily restrictions are limited to situations where (A) the inventions are independent or distinct as claimed, and (B) there would be a serious burden on the examiner if restriction is not required (see MPEP § 803). Potential interferences present an additional situation in which a restriction requirement may be appropriate. Specifically, restriction of interfering claims from non-interfering claims, or from unpatentable claims whose further prosecution would unduly delay initiation of an interference, can be an appropriate use of restrictions under 35 U.S.C. 121. An Interference Practice Specialist (IPS) should be consulted in making and resolving restrictions under this heading. An applicant may, of course, also choose to cancel claims and refile them in a continuation application without waiting for the restriction requirement.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Restriction Requirement (MPEP 802-803)Restriction and Election Practice (MPEP Chapter 800)Interference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2303-a94b20950790901f5be3450c]
Restriction of Interfering Claims Is Permitted
Note:
Allows restriction of interfering claims from non-interfering claims or unpatentable claims that would unduly delay an interference.

Ordinarily restrictions are limited to situations where (A) the inventions are independent or distinct as claimed, and (B) there would be a serious burden on the examiner if restriction is not required (see MPEP § 803). Potential interferences present an additional situation in which a restriction requirement may be appropriate. Specifically, restriction of interfering claims from non-interfering claims, or from unpatentable claims whose further prosecution would unduly delay initiation of an interference, can be an appropriate use of restrictions under 35 U.S.C. 121. An Interference Practice Specialist (IPS) should be consulted in making and resolving restrictions under this heading. An applicant may, of course, also choose to cancel claims and refile them in a continuation application without waiting for the restriction requirement.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Restriction Requirement (MPEP 802-803)Restriction and Election Practice (MPEP Chapter 800)Interference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2303-c57ef538b86cb7f1c4a55b90]
Cancellation of Claims Allowed Without Restriction Requirement
Note:
An applicant can cancel claims and refile them in a continuation application without waiting for the restriction requirement.

Ordinarily restrictions are limited to situations where (A) the inventions are independent or distinct as claimed, and (B) there would be a serious burden on the examiner if restriction is not required (see MPEP § 803). Potential interferences present an additional situation in which a restriction requirement may be appropriate. Specifically, restriction of interfering claims from non-interfering claims, or from unpatentable claims whose further prosecution would unduly delay initiation of an interference, can be an appropriate use of restrictions under 35 U.S.C. 121. An Interference Practice Specialist (IPS) should be consulted in making and resolving restrictions under this heading. An applicant may, of course, also choose to cancel claims and refile them in a continuation application without waiting for the restriction requirement.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Restriction Requirement (MPEP 802-803)Restriction and Election Practice (MPEP Chapter 800)Interference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-2303-7d3aeef90762dadfefc4591f]
Requirement for Restricting Interfering Claims
Note:
If an application contains both interfering and non-interfering claims, a restriction requirement must be made between them. Depending on the applicant's traversal, the restriction may be maintained or treated as a concession that non-interfering claims should be designated.

If an application contains both interfering and non-interfering claims, a restriction requirement should be made between the two. If the applicant traverses the restriction requirement, depending on the reasons for the traversal, the restriction may be maintained or the traversal may be treated as a concession that the non-interfering claims should be designated as corresponding to the count.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Restriction Requirement (MPEP 802-803)Restriction and Election Practice (MPEP Chapter 800)
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-2303-1f0439b87755f0f02bdfca69]
Traversal of Restriction May Confirm Non-Interfering Claims
Note:
If the applicant traverses a restriction requirement, it may confirm that non-interfering claims should be designated as corresponding to the count.

If an application contains both interfering and non-interfering claims, a restriction requirement should be made between the two. If the applicant traverses the restriction requirement, depending on the reasons for the traversal, the restriction may be maintained or the traversal may be treated as a concession that the non-interfering claims should be designated as corresponding to the count.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Restriction Requirement (MPEP 802-803)Restriction and Election Practice (MPEP Chapter 800)
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-f8006b2172e8161ad660e5d0]
Restriction of Unpatentable Claims Not Ordinarily Appropriate
Note:
A restriction requirement is not typically allowed if prosecution of unpatentable claims would unduly delay the interference and cause prejudice to another stakeholder.

Ordinarily restriction of claims simply because they are not patentable would not be appropriate. If, however, (A) prosecution of the unpatentable claims to completion would unduly delay initiation of the interference and (B) the delay would create prejudice to another stakeholder, such as another applicant or the public, a restriction requirement may be appropriate. Approval of an IPS is required before this restriction requirement may be made.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Restriction Requirement (MPEP 802-803)Restriction and Election Practice (MPEP Chapter 800)
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2303-1c7bce4d86cd8761b66a51c8]
Restriction Requirement When Unpatentable Claims Delay Interference
Note:
A restriction requirement may be appropriate if unpatentable claims would unduly delay the interference and prejudice another stakeholder.

Ordinarily restriction of claims simply because they are not patentable would not be appropriate. If, however, (A) prosecution of the unpatentable claims to completion would unduly delay initiation of the interference and (B) the delay would create prejudice to another stakeholder, such as another applicant or the public, a restriction requirement may be appropriate. Approval of an IPS is required before this restriction requirement may be made.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Restriction Requirement (MPEP 802-803)Restriction and Election Practice (MPEP Chapter 800)
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2303-9b13756c47a89d71d632ce34]
IPS Requirement for Restriction
Note:
An Interference Search and Opinion (IPS) is required before a restriction requirement can be made if prosecution of unpatentable claims would unduly delay the interference and prejudice another stakeholder.

Ordinarily restriction of claims simply because they are not patentable would not be appropriate. If, however, (A) prosecution of the unpatentable claims to completion would unduly delay initiation of the interference and (B) the delay would create prejudice to another stakeholder, such as another applicant or the public, a restriction requirement may be appropriate. Approval of an IPS is required before this restriction requirement may be made.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Restriction Requirement (MPEP 802-803)Restriction and Election Practice (MPEP Chapter 800)
Topic

PTAB Jurisdiction

8 rules
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2303-b9385941b783c07b9d3d999c]
Examination and Claim Requirements Before Contested Case Initiation
Note:
For each involved application and patent, examination must be completed and at least one claim must be patentable but for a judgment in the contested case.
Before a contested case is initiated, except as the Board may otherwise authorize, for each involved application and patent:
  • (a) Examination or reexamination must be completed, and
  • (b) There must be at least one claim that:
    • (1) Is patentable but for a judgment in the contested case, and
    • (2) Would be involved in the contested case.
Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102PTAB JurisdictionPTAB Contested Case ProceduresEstoppel After Judgment
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-32abb83bc588ea724d1f1988]
Claim Must Be Involved in Contested Case
Note:
For each involved application and patent, there must be at least one claim that is relevant to the contested case.

Before a contested case is initiated, except as the Board may otherwise authorize, for each involved application and patent:
(b) There must be at least one claim that:

(2) Would be involved in the contested case.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102PTAB JurisdictionPTAB Contested Case ProceduresEx Parte Appeals to PTAB
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-afacab866f940d2bdd39933a]
Reissue Applications Not Subject to Patent Term Adjustments
Note:
Patent reissue applications are not eligible for patent term adjustments, even if they arise from events in an interference.

As explained above, reissue applications are not subject to patent term adjustments. Applicants sometimes, however, file reissue applications to amend patent claims in response to events occurring in the interference. To maintain parity with other applicants, the Board does not permit reissue applicants to add claims that would not correspond to a count. See Winter v. Fujita, 53 USPQ2d 1234, 1249 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1999). Since the burden lies with the reissue applicant to comply with Winter, the examiner need not require restriction of the non-interfering claims. Practice under Winter, however, may explain why some reissue applicants file more than one reissue application for the same patent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102PTAB JurisdictionPTAB Contested Case ProceduresPatent Term Basics
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-84892233ae98f883f5a04b54]
Reissue Applicants May Amend Claims After Interference
Note:
Patent applicants can file reissue applications to amend claims in response to events during an interference, but must comply with the Winter v. Fujita rule.

As explained above, reissue applications are not subject to patent term adjustments. Applicants sometimes, however, file reissue applications to amend patent claims in response to events occurring in the interference. To maintain parity with other applicants, the Board does not permit reissue applicants to add claims that would not correspond to a count. See Winter v. Fujita, 53 USPQ2d 1234, 1249 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1999). Since the burden lies with the reissue applicant to comply with Winter, the examiner need not require restriction of the non-interfering claims. Practice under Winter, however, may explain why some reissue applicants file more than one reissue application for the same patent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102PTAB JurisdictionPTAB Contested Case ProceduresReissue Application Filing
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-374f269c8a2a52fb9dc1033f]
Reissue Applicants Cannot Add Non-Corresponding Claims
Note:
Reissue applicants are not allowed to add claims that do not match any count from the original patent.

As explained above, reissue applications are not subject to patent term adjustments. Applicants sometimes, however, file reissue applications to amend patent claims in response to events occurring in the interference. To maintain parity with other applicants, the Board does not permit reissue applicants to add claims that would not correspond to a count. See Winter v. Fujita, 53 USPQ2d 1234, 1249 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1999). Since the burden lies with the reissue applicant to comply with Winter, the examiner need not require restriction of the non-interfering claims. Practice under Winter, however, may explain why some reissue applicants file more than one reissue application for the same patent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102PTAB JurisdictionPTAB Contested Case ProceduresEx Parte Appeals to PTAB
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-495733705e4c0fdbf9da5d54]
Reissue Applicants Cannot Add Non-Interfering Claims
Note:
Reissue applicants are not permitted to add claims that do not correspond to an interference count, as per the Winter v. Fujita ruling.

As explained above, reissue applications are not subject to patent term adjustments. Applicants sometimes, however, file reissue applications to amend patent claims in response to events occurring in the interference. To maintain parity with other applicants, the Board does not permit reissue applicants to add claims that would not correspond to a count. See Winter v. Fujita, 53 USPQ2d 1234, 1249 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1999). Since the burden lies with the reissue applicant to comply with Winter, the examiner need not require restriction of the non-interfering claims. Practice under Winter, however, may explain why some reissue applicants file more than one reissue application for the same patent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102PTAB JurisdictionPTAB Contested Case ProceduresPatent Term Basics
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-7e24958a9a2e087a143f50fa]
Examiner Need Not Restrict Non-Interfering Claims in Reissue
Note:
The examiner is not required to restrict non-interfering claims when an applicant amends patent claims in a reissue application, as the burden lies with the applicant to comply with Winter v. Fujita.

As explained above, reissue applications are not subject to patent term adjustments. Applicants sometimes, however, file reissue applications to amend patent claims in response to events occurring in the interference. To maintain parity with other applicants, the Board does not permit reissue applicants to add claims that would not correspond to a count. See Winter v. Fujita, 53 USPQ2d 1234, 1249 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1999). Since the burden lies with the reissue applicant to comply with Winter, the examiner need not require restriction of the non-interfering claims. Practice under Winter, however, may explain why some reissue applicants file more than one reissue application for the same patent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102PTAB JurisdictionPTAB Contested Case ProceduresRestriction Requirement (MPEP 802-803)
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2303-008d021156029894dd219f35]
Multiple Reissue Applications for Same Patent
Note:
Some reissue applicants file multiple applications to amend patent claims due to events in interference, despite not being subject to patent term adjustments.

As explained above, reissue applications are not subject to patent term adjustments. Applicants sometimes, however, file reissue applications to amend patent claims in response to events occurring in the interference. To maintain parity with other applicants, the Board does not permit reissue applicants to add claims that would not correspond to a count. See Winter v. Fujita, 53 USPQ2d 1234, 1249 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1999). Since the burden lies with the reissue applicant to comply with Winter, the examiner need not require restriction of the non-interfering claims. Practice under Winter, however, may explain why some reissue applicants file more than one reissue application for the same patent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102PTAB JurisdictionPTAB Contested Case ProceduresReissue Application Filing
Topic

Declaration of Interference

6 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-cefe36a8a5a63ed889acf4ef]
Genus Claim Must Be Resolved Before Interference Declaration
Note:
The applicant must resolve the status of the genus claim before an interference can be declared, typically by appealing or canceling the rejected claim.

A patent has a claim to a species. An applicant has claims to the species and to a genus that includes the species. The examiner has allowed the species claim, but rejected the genus claim. The applicant suggests an interference with the patent. The interference will generally not be declared until the applicant resolves the status of the genus claim by, for example, appealing the rejection or canceling the rejected claim. An applicant may expedite the process of having the interference declared by canceling the genus claim from the application.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Declaration of InterferenceInterference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-9607877b248a97ecea0559a1]
Interference Declaration for Genus and Species Claims
Note:
An applicant must resolve the status of a genus claim before interference can be declared, even if a species claim has been allowed.

A patent has a claim to a species. An applicant has claims to the species and to a genus that includes the species. The examiner has allowed the species claim, but rejected the genus claim. The applicant suggests an interference with the patent. The interference will generally not be declared until the applicant resolves the status of the genus claim by, for example, appealing the rejection or canceling the rejected claim. An applicant may expedite the process of having the interference declared by canceling the genus claim from the application.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Declaration of InterferenceInterference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-3bba03f07e3b087b5f54c4b5]
Interference Not Declared If Genus Claim Allowed
Note:
An interference will not be declared if the species claim is allowed and the genus claim remains rejected, requiring further action from the applicant.

A patent has a claim to a species. An applicant has claims to the species and to a genus that includes the species. The examiner has allowed the species claim, but rejected the genus claim. The applicant suggests an interference with the patent. The interference will generally not be declared until the applicant resolves the status of the genus claim by, for example, appealing the rejection or canceling the rejected claim. An applicant may expedite the process of having the interference declared by canceling the genus claim from the application.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Declaration of InterferenceInterference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-940dd0ac10abeb5e1fb57001]
Applicant Can Declare Interference For Genus Claim
Note:
An applicant may suggest an interference with a patent when the examiner rejects a genus claim while allowing a species claim, and can expedite the process by canceling the genus claim.

A patent has a claim to a species. An applicant has claims to the species and to a genus that includes the species. The examiner has allowed the species claim, but rejected the genus claim. The applicant suggests an interference with the patent. The interference will generally not be declared until the applicant resolves the status of the genus claim by, for example, appealing the rejection or canceling the rejected claim. An applicant may expedite the process of having the interference declared by canceling the genus claim from the application.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Declaration of InterferenceInterference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-6a1126ba085c66111c15bab1]
Interference Not Declared Until Genus Claim Resolved
Note:
An interference will not be declared until the applicant resolves the status of the genus claim, such as by appealing or canceling it.

A patent has a claim to a species. An applicant has claims to the species and to a genus that includes the species. The examiner has allowed the species claim, but rejected the genus claim. The applicant suggests an interference with the patent. The interference will generally not be declared until the applicant resolves the status of the genus claim by, for example, appealing the rejection or canceling the rejected claim. An applicant may expedite the process of having the interference declared by canceling the genus claim from the application.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Declaration of InterferenceInterference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2303-fd4c99bde1ca272a1fc76f0c]
Genus Claim Cancellation to Expedite Interference Declaration
Note:
An applicant can expedite the interference declaration process by canceling the genus claim that includes the allowed species claim.

A patent has a claim to a species. An applicant has claims to the species and to a genus that includes the species. The examiner has allowed the species claim, but rejected the genus claim. The applicant suggests an interference with the patent. The interference will generally not be declared until the applicant resolves the status of the genus claim by, for example, appealing the rejection or canceling the rejected claim. An applicant may expedite the process of having the interference declared by canceling the genus claim from the application.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Declaration of InterferenceInterference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)
Topic

Patent Term Basics

5 rules
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2303-114004b5c40be7a559d89ee4]
Patent Term Adjustments for Interference Delays
Note:
Patents issued after delays due to interference may qualify for term adjustments.

Patent term adjustments may be available for patents whose issuance has been delayed for an interference. See pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 154(b)(1)(C)(i). A claim that does not interfere, by definition, is directed to a patentably distinct invention compared to a claim that does interfere. Leaving a non-interfering claim in an application going into an interference creates an unwarranted delay in the issuance of claims to the non-interfering subject matter. As far as the public and the Office are concerned, there is no justification for not issuing the non-interfering claims promptly. An exception exists if the claims are already term limited, as would be the case for an application subject to a terminal disclaimer or a reissue application (see pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 154(b)(1)(C) (referring to issuance of the original patent)).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Patent Term BasicsPatent TermReissue Application Filing
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-c306f9cbd2c1f12a14e852ac]
Patent Term Adjustments for Interference Delays
Note:
Adjustment may be available for patents delayed due to interference, ensuring prompt issuance of non-interfering claims.

Patent term adjustments may be available for patents whose issuance has been delayed for an interference. See pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 154(b)(1)(C)(i). A claim that does not interfere, by definition, is directed to a patentably distinct invention compared to a claim that does interfere. Leaving a non-interfering claim in an application going into an interference creates an unwarranted delay in the issuance of claims to the non-interfering subject matter. As far as the public and the Office are concerned, there is no justification for not issuing the non-interfering claims promptly. An exception exists if the claims are already term limited, as would be the case for an application subject to a terminal disclaimer or a reissue application (see pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 154(b)(1)(C) (referring to issuance of the original patent)).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Patent Term BasicsAIA vs Pre-AIA PracticePatent Term
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-c77cab67035baaa7203911aa]
Non-interfering claims must be promptly issued
Note:
Patent claims that do not interfere with others are required to be issued without unnecessary delay, as they represent distinct inventions.

Patent term adjustments may be available for patents whose issuance has been delayed for an interference. See pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 154(b)(1)(C)(i). A claim that does not interfere, by definition, is directed to a patentably distinct invention compared to a claim that does interfere. Leaving a non-interfering claim in an application going into an interference creates an unwarranted delay in the issuance of claims to the non-interfering subject matter. As far as the public and the Office are concerned, there is no justification for not issuing the non-interfering claims promptly. An exception exists if the claims are already term limited, as would be the case for an application subject to a terminal disclaimer or a reissue application (see pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 154(b)(1)(C) (referring to issuance of the original patent)).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Patent Term BasicsReissue Application FilingReissue Claim Requirements
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-b4cc0474acd8a9d5303e6e38]
Prompt Issuance of Non-Interfering Claims Required
Note:
Patent claims that do not interfere with others must be issued promptly to avoid unwarranted delays, unless already term limited.

Patent term adjustments may be available for patents whose issuance has been delayed for an interference. See pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 154(b)(1)(C)(i). A claim that does not interfere, by definition, is directed to a patentably distinct invention compared to a claim that does interfere. Leaving a non-interfering claim in an application going into an interference creates an unwarranted delay in the issuance of claims to the non-interfering subject matter. As far as the public and the Office are concerned, there is no justification for not issuing the non-interfering claims promptly. An exception exists if the claims are already term limited, as would be the case for an application subject to a terminal disclaimer or a reissue application (see pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 154(b)(1)(C) (referring to issuance of the original patent)).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Patent Term BasicsReissue Application FilingReissue Claim Requirements
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-8c4f64a4adafbbb89de65318]
Non-Interfering Claims Already Term Limited
Note:
If claims are term limited, such as through a terminal disclaimer or reissue application, they do not qualify for patent term adjustments even if they do not interfere.

Patent term adjustments may be available for patents whose issuance has been delayed for an interference. See pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 154(b)(1)(C)(i). A claim that does not interfere, by definition, is directed to a patentably distinct invention compared to a claim that does interfere. Leaving a non-interfering claim in an application going into an interference creates an unwarranted delay in the issuance of claims to the non-interfering subject matter. As far as the public and the Office are concerned, there is no justification for not issuing the non-interfering claims promptly. An exception exists if the claims are already term limited, as would be the case for an application subject to a terminal disclaimer or a reissue application (see pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 154(b)(1)(C) (referring to issuance of the original patent)).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Patent Term BasicsReissue Application FilingReissue Claim Requirements
Topic

Judicial Review of Board Decisions

4 rules
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-2303-b8a06a7bc564f3b03bdc9692]
Interference Should Be Suggested Only After Exhausting Other Issues
Note:
An interference should be suggested only after all other examination issues have been fully examined and resolved.

An interference should rarely be suggested until examination is completed on all other issues. Each pending claim must be allowed, finally rejected, or canceled. Any appeal from a final rejection must be completed, including any judicial review. Any petition must be decided.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Judicial Review of Board DecisionsEx Parte Appeals to PTAB
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2303-84ad1d70ccd616ff48701f91]
Pending Claims Must Be Allowed, Rejected, or Cancelled
Note:
Each pending claim in an interference must be allowed, finally rejected, or canceled after examination is completed and all appeals are resolved.

An interference should rarely be suggested until examination is completed on all other issues. Each pending claim must be allowed, finally rejected, or canceled. Any appeal from a final rejection must be completed, including any judicial review. Any petition must be decided.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Judicial Review of Board DecisionsEx Parte Appeals to PTAB
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2303-6dda66944123d84979a49c64]
Appeal From Final Rejection Must Be Completed Including Judicial Review
Note:
All appeals from final rejections must be fully completed, including any necessary judicial review.

An interference should rarely be suggested until examination is completed on all other issues. Each pending claim must be allowed, finally rejected, or canceled. Any appeal from a final rejection must be completed, including any judicial review. Any petition must be decided.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Judicial Review of Board DecisionsEx Parte Appeals to PTAB
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2303-525afe84bc097a675eacb1b1]
Any Petition Must Be Decided
Note:
All pending petitions must be resolved, either by allowing, rejecting, or canceling them.

An interference should rarely be suggested until examination is completed on all other issues. Each pending claim must be allowed, finally rejected, or canceled. Any appeal from a final rejection must be completed, including any judicial review. Any petition must be decided.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Judicial Review of Board DecisionsEx Parte Appeals to PTAB
Topic

Assignee as Applicant Signature

3 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-0736e5ba39f5d7083e4be04f]
Restriction of Application to One Invention Removes Interference Impediment
Note:
If an application contains one allowed claim for invention A and rejected claims for different invention B, restricting the application to invention A and canceling claims for invention B removes the impediment to declaring an interference.

An applicant has one allowed claim directed to invention A, which is the same invention of another inventor within the meaning of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(g)(1) and pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 291, and has rejected claims directed to different invention B. If the rejection is contested, the application is not yet ready for an interference. Restriction of the application to invention A, followed by cancellation of the claims directed to invention B would remove this impediment to declaring an interference.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Assignee as Applicant SignatureApplicant and Assignee Filing Under AIAHuman Organism Claims Prohibition
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-1674ed92d0a0335f4442c7de]
Application Not Ready for Interference If Rejection Contested
Note:
If the rejection of claims directed to a different invention is contested, the application cannot proceed to an interference until the rejection is resolved.

An applicant has one allowed claim directed to invention A, which is the same invention of another inventor within the meaning of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(g)(1) and pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 291, and has rejected claims directed to different invention B. If the rejection is contested, the application is not yet ready for an interference. Restriction of the application to invention A, followed by cancellation of the claims directed to invention B would remove this impediment to declaring an interference.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Assignee as Applicant SignatureApplicant and Assignee Filing Under AIAHuman Organism Claims Prohibition
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-612a6bc12dd618f8b94ee2cc]
Invention Restriction and Claim Cancellation for Interference
Note:
An applicant must restrict the application to one invention and cancel claims to a different invention to declare an interference.

An applicant has one allowed claim directed to invention A, which is the same invention of another inventor within the meaning of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(g)(1) and pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 291, and has rejected claims directed to different invention B. If the rejection is contested, the application is not yet ready for an interference. Restriction of the application to invention A, followed by cancellation of the claims directed to invention B would remove this impediment to declaring an interference.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Assignee as Applicant SignatureApplicant and Assignee Filing Under AIAHuman Organism Claims Prohibition
Topic

AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice

3 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-6a0621801c0264786f70a2c8]
Close Scrutiny for Unpatentability Grounds Before Interference
Note:
Two grounds of unpatentability, specifically the written description requirement and late claiming bars, receive close scrutiny before an interference is declared to preserve efficiency and integrity.

Two grounds of unpatentability receive particularly close scrutiny before an interference is declared. Enforcement of the written description requirement under 35 U.S.C. 112(a), and the late claiming bars under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 135(b) are important to preserve the efficiency and integrity of interferences. See 37 CFR 41.201, “Threshold issue.” See, e.g., Berman v. Housey, 291 F.3d 1345, 1354, 63 USPQ2d 1023, 1029 (Fed. Cir. 2002).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.201AIA vs Pre-AIA PracticeDerivation Proceedings (AIA)Disclosure Requirements
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-433019dfe875a14994ce48ac]
Requirement for Complete Written Description
Note:
The rule ensures that the written description must fully describe the invention to meet the written description requirement under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) and maintain interference efficiency.

Two grounds of unpatentability receive particularly close scrutiny before an interference is declared. Enforcement of the written description requirement under 35 U.S.C. 112(a), and the late claiming bars under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 135(b) are important to preserve the efficiency and integrity of interferences. See 37 CFR 41.201, “Threshold issue.” See, e.g., Berman v. Housey, 291 F.3d 1345, 1354, 63 USPQ2d 1023, 1029 (Fed. Cir. 2002).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.201AIA vs Pre-AIA PracticeDerivation Proceedings (AIA)Disclosure Requirements
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-ee4d6a80803ce093bfe0ed9b]
Requirement for Complete Written Description
Note:
The rule requires that the written description must describe the invention in sufficient detail to satisfy the written description requirement under 35 U.S.C. 112(a).

Two grounds of unpatentability receive particularly close scrutiny before an interference is declared. Enforcement of the written description requirement under 35 U.S.C. 112(a), and the late claiming bars under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 135(b) are important to preserve the efficiency and integrity of interferences. See 37 CFR 41.201, “Threshold issue.” See, e.g., Berman v. Housey, 291 F.3d 1345, 1354, 63 USPQ2d 1023, 1029 (Fed. Cir. 2002).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.201AIA vs Pre-AIA PracticeDerivation Proceedings (AIA)Disclosure Requirements
Topic

Interference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)

2 rules
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-2303-b47866fb036cf696a114d3d2]
IPS Required for Interference Restrictions
Note:
An Interference Practice Specialist must be consulted when making or resolving restrictions involving interfering claims.

Ordinarily restrictions are limited to situations where (A) the inventions are independent or distinct as claimed, and (B) there would be a serious burden on the examiner if restriction is not required (see MPEP § 803). Potential interferences present an additional situation in which a restriction requirement may be appropriate. Specifically, restriction of interfering claims from non-interfering claims, or from unpatentable claims whose further prosecution would unduly delay initiation of an interference, can be an appropriate use of restrictions under 35 U.S.C. 121. An Interference Practice Specialist (IPS) should be consulted in making and resolving restrictions under this heading. An applicant may, of course, also choose to cancel claims and refile them in a continuation application without waiting for the restriction requirement.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Interference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)Restriction Requirement (MPEP 802-803)Restriction and Election Practice (MPEP Chapter 800)
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2303-dafe00dd1e000591b178ef22]
Delay Issuance of Non-Interfering Claims During Interference
Note:
Leaving a non-interfering claim in an application going into interference delays the issuance of claims to distinct subject matter without justification.

Patent term adjustments may be available for patents whose issuance has been delayed for an interference. See pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 154(b)(1)(C)(i). A claim that does not interfere, by definition, is directed to a patentably distinct invention compared to a claim that does interfere. Leaving a non-interfering claim in an application going into an interference creates an unwarranted delay in the issuance of claims to the non-interfering subject matter. As far as the public and the Office are concerned, there is no justification for not issuing the non-interfering claims promptly. An exception exists if the claims are already term limited, as would be the case for an application subject to a terminal disclaimer or a reissue application (see pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 154(b)(1)(C) (referring to issuance of the original patent)).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Interference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)Patent Term BasicsReissue Application Filing
Topic

Statutory Authority for Examination

1 rules
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2303-354f3cf9509a05beba8dcf9a]
Premature Interference Request Not Allowed Before Examination Completion
Note:
Form paragraph 23.01 cannot acknowledge a premature interference request until the application examination is complete.

Form paragraph 23.01 may be used to acknowledge a request for interference that is premature since examination of the application has not been completed.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.102Statutory Authority for ExaminationExamination Procedures

Examiner Form Paragraphs

Examiner form paragraphs are standard language that you might see in an Office Action or communication from the USPTO. Examiners have latitude to change the form paragraphs, but you will often see this exact language.

¶ 23.01 ¶ 23.01 Request for Interference Premature; Examination Not Completed

Citations

Primary topicCitation
Assignee as Applicant Signature35 U.S.C. § 102(g)(1)
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice35 U.S.C. § 112(a)
Interference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)
Restriction Requirement (MPEP 802-803)
35 U.S.C. § 121
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice35 U.S.C. § 135(b)
Interference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)
Patent Term Basics
35 U.S.C. § 154(b)(1)(C)
Interference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)
Patent Term Basics
35 U.S.C. § 154(b)(1)(C)(i)
Assignee as Applicant Signature35 U.S.C. § 291
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice37 CFR § 41.201
Interference Proceedings (Pre-AIA)
Restriction Requirement (MPEP 802-803)
MPEP § 803
Statutory Authority for ExaminationForm Paragraph § 23.01
AIA vs Pre-AIA PracticeBerman v. Housey, 291 F.3d 1345, 1354, 63 USPQ2d 1023, 1029 (Fed. Cir. 2002)

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31