MPEP § 715.10 — Review of Affidavit or Declaration for Evidence of Prior Public Use or Sale or Failure to Disclose Best Mode (Annotated Rules)

§715.10 Review of Affidavit or Declaration for Evidence of Prior Public Use or Sale or Failure to Disclose Best Mode

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 715.10, including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Review of Affidavit or Declaration for Evidence of Prior Public Use or Sale or Failure to Disclose Best Mode

This section addresses Review of Affidavit or Declaration for Evidence of Prior Public Use or Sale or Failure to Disclose Best Mode. Primary authority: 35 U.S.C. 102(b), 35 U.S.C. 102, and 35 U.S.C. 112(a). Contains: 2 requirements and 1 prohibition.

Key Rules

Topic

On Sale Under AIA (MPEP 2152.02(d))

2 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-715-10-6fd846a788bd710094477fed]
Examiner Must Review Affidavits for Public Use or Sale
Note:
The examiner must carefully review any affidavits and evidence submitted under 37 CFR 1.131(a) to determine if the claimed invention was in public use or on sale within one year of the filing date, which constitutes a statutory bar.

Any affidavits or declarations submitted under 37 CFR 1.131(a) and the accompanying evidence must be reviewed carefully by the examiner in order to determine whether they show that the claimed invention was “in public use” or “on sale” in this country more than one year prior to the effective filing date of the claimed invention, which acts constitute a statutory bar under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b). Although the rejection based on the reference(s) or activity sought to be antedated may actually be overcome by such an affidavit or declaration, the effect of the applicant’s prior “public use” or “on sale” activities may not be overcome under 37 CFR 1.131(a). See MPEP § 2133.03 regarding rejections based on “public use” and “on sale” statutory bars under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.131(a)On Sale Under AIA (MPEP 2152.02(d))Public Use Under AIA (MPEP 2152.02(c))Determining Whether Application Is AIA or Pre-AIA
StatutoryProhibitedAlways
[mpep-715-10-9bcb5c58eae27c73e87edb21]
Prior Public Use or On Sale Activities Cannot Be Overcome Under 37 CFR 1.131(a)
Note:
The effect of an applicant’s prior public use or on sale activities cannot be overcome by affidavits or declarations under 37 CFR 1.131(a).

Any affidavits or declarations submitted under 37 CFR 1.131(a) and the accompanying evidence must be reviewed carefully by the examiner in order to determine whether they show that the claimed invention was “in public use” or “on sale” in this country more than one year prior to the effective filing date of the claimed invention, which acts constitute a statutory bar under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b). Although the rejection based on the reference(s) or activity sought to be antedated may actually be overcome by such an affidavit or declaration, the effect of the applicant’s prior “public use” or “on sale” activities may not be overcome under 37 CFR 1.131(a). See MPEP § 2133.03 regarding rejections based on “public use” and “on sale” statutory bars under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.131(a)On Sale Under AIA (MPEP 2152.02(d))Public Use Under AIA (MPEP 2152.02(c))AIA 102(a)(1) – Prior Art Categories (MPEP 2152.02)
Topic

Prior Art Under AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2150-2159)

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-715-10-b8a47695a4d793d8f6410fab]
Affidavits or Declarations for AIA Prior Art
Note:
This rule outlines the requirements for affidavits or declarations to provide evidence of prior public use, sale, or failure to disclose best mode in applications subject to the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA.

[Editor Note: This MPEP section is not applicable to applications subject to the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA unless being relied upon to overcome a rejection under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(g). See 35 U.S.C. 100 (note) and MPEP § 2159. For a discussion of 37 CFR 1.130, affidavits or declarations of attribution or prior public disclosure in applications subject to the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA, see MPEP § 717. For a discussion of affidavits or declarations under 37 CFR 1.131(c), see MPEP § 718.]

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.130Prior Art Under AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2150-2159)Prior Art Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2131-2138)AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Topic

AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-715-10-b6ad3b7fa5acb50b11db12c5]
Affidavits for AIA Prior Public Disclosures Required
Note:
For applications subject to the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA, affidavits or declarations must be provided to establish prior public disclosures.

[Editor Note: This MPEP section is not applicable to applications subject to the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA unless being relied upon to overcome a rejection under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(g). See 35 U.S.C. 100 (note) and MPEP § 2159. For a discussion of 37 CFR 1.130, affidavits or declarations of attribution or prior public disclosure in applications subject to the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA, see MPEP § 717. For a discussion of affidavits or declarations under 37 CFR 1.131(c), see MPEP § 718.]

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.130AIA vs Pre-AIA PracticePublic Use Under AIA (MPEP 2152.02(c))AIA 102(a)(1) – Prior Art Categories (MPEP 2152.02)
Topic

Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-715-10-1d6f8e60f8df97d20f2e9c55]
Requirement for Affidavits Under 37 CFR 1.131(c)
Note:
This rule outlines the requirements for affidavits or declarations under 37 CFR 1.131(c), which are used to provide evidence in certain patent applications.

[Editor Note: This MPEP section is not applicable to applications subject to the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA unless being relied upon to overcome a rejection under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(g). See 35 U.S.C. 100 (note) and MPEP § 2159. For a discussion of 37 CFR 1.130, affidavits or declarations of attribution or prior public disclosure in applications subject to the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA, see MPEP § 717. For a discussion of affidavits or declarations under 37 CFR 1.131(c), see MPEP § 718.]

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.130Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)Public Use Under AIA (MPEP 2152.02(c))AIA 102(a)(1) – Prior Art Categories (MPEP 2152.02)
Topic

Considerations for Best Mode (MPEP 2165.01)

1 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-715-10-a4a6f584aaf17afa98990900]
Best Mode Must Be Disclosed If Not In Application
Note:
The application must disclose the best mode of invention if evidence relies on an embodiment not disclosed in the application.

Where the 37 CFR 1.131(a) evidence relies on an embodiment of the invention not disclosed in the application, the question of whether the application includes the “best mode” must be considered. However, a “best mode” rejection should not be made unless the record, taken as a whole, establishes by a preponderance of the evidence that applicant’s specification has not set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor of carrying out the invention. See MPEP §§ 2165§ 2165.04 regarding the best mode requirement of 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, first paragraph.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.131(a)Considerations for Best Mode (MPEP 2165.01)Evidence of Concealment (MPEP 2165.04)Best Mode Requirement (MPEP 2165)

Citations

Primary topicCitation
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)
Prior Art Under AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2150-2159)
35 U.S.C. § 100
On Sale Under AIA (MPEP 2152.02(d))35 U.S.C. § 102
On Sale Under AIA (MPEP 2152.02(d))35 U.S.C. § 102(b)
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)
Prior Art Under AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2150-2159)
35 U.S.C. § 102(g)
Considerations for Best Mode (MPEP 2165.01)35 U.S.C. § 112
Considerations for Best Mode (MPEP 2165.01)35 U.S.C. § 112(a)
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)
Prior Art Under AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2150-2159)
37 CFR § 1.130
Considerations for Best Mode (MPEP 2165.01)
On Sale Under AIA (MPEP 2152.02(d))
37 CFR § 1.131(a)
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)
Prior Art Under AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2150-2159)
37 CFR § 1.131(c)
Considerations for Best Mode (MPEP 2165.01)37 CFR § 2165.04
On Sale Under AIA (MPEP 2152.02(d))MPEP § 2133.03
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)
Prior Art Under AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2150-2159)
MPEP § 2159
Considerations for Best Mode (MPEP 2165.01)MPEP § 2165
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)
Prior Art Under AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2150-2159)
MPEP § 717
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)
Prior Art Under AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2150-2159)
MPEP § 718

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31