MPEP § 2580 — Review of Decision Refusing to Accept and Record Payment of a Maintenance Fee Filed Prior to Expiration of Patent (Annotated Rules)

§2580 Review of Decision Refusing to Accept and Record Payment of a Maintenance Fee Filed Prior to Expiration of Patent

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 2580, including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Review of Decision Refusing to Accept and Record Payment of a Maintenance Fee Filed Prior to Expiration of Patent

This section addresses Review of Decision Refusing to Accept and Record Payment of a Maintenance Fee Filed Prior to Expiration of Patent. Primary authority: 37 CFR 1.377, 37 CFR 1.17(g)), and 37 CFR 1.17(g). Contains: 4 requirements, 1 guidance statement, 1 permission, and 1 other statement.

Key Rules

Topic

Term Lapse for Maintenance Fee

9 rules
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2580-c6d2f14274ef867c559a4468]
Patentee Can Petition Director to Record Late Maintenance Fee
Note:
A patentee may petition the Director to accept and record a maintenance fee filed after it was refused by the Patent and Trademark Office before the patent's expiration.

(a) Any patentee who is dissatisfied with the refusal of the Patent and Trademark Office to accept and record a maintenance fee which was filed prior to the expiration of the patent may petition the Director to accept and record the maintenance fee.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.377Term Lapse for Maintenance FeePost-Issuance & Maintenance FeesMaintenance Fee Amounts
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2580-060b380c0cb833260358c5fb]
Refund Request for Maintenance Fee Error
Note:
A petition may include a request to refund the fee if the refusal to accept and record the maintenance fee is due to an error by the Patent and Trademark Office.

(b) Any petition under this section must be filed within two months of the action complained of, or within such other time as may be set in the action complained of, and must be accompanied by the fee set forth in § 1.17(g). The petition may include a request that the petition fee be refunded if the refusal to accept and record the maintenance fee is determined to result from an error by the Patent and Trademark Office.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.17(g)Term Lapse for Maintenance FeeProcessing FeesPost-Issuance & Maintenance Fees
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2580-796e07732954650455cad769]
Petition Must Comply and Be Signed Properly
Note:
A petition filed under this section must meet the requirements of § 1.181(b) and be signed by a registered attorney or agent, or by the patentee, assignee, or other party in interest.

(c) Any petition filed under this section must comply with the requirements of § 1.181(b) and must be signed by an attorney or agent registered to practice before the Patent and Trademark Office, or by the patentee, the assignee, or other party in interest.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.181(b)Term Lapse for Maintenance FeePost-Issuance & Maintenance FeesMaintenance Fee Amounts
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2580-ba68d586ead6e8f50d937179]
Petition for Incorrect Patent Number or Application Number in Maintenance Fee Payment
Note:
This rule permits a patentee to petition the Director to accept and record a maintenance fee payment with an incorrect patent number or application number, provided the fee was filed before expiration.

37 CFR 1.377 provides a mechanism for review of a decision refusing to accept and record payment of a maintenance fee filed prior to the expiration of a patent. 37 CFR 1.377(a) permits a patentee who is dissatisfied with the refusal of the Office to accept and record a maintenance fee which was filed prior to the expiration of the patent to petition the Director to accept and record the maintenance fee. This petition may be used, for example, in situations where an error is present in the identifying data required by 37 CFR 1.366(c) with the maintenance fee payment, i.e., either the patent number or the application number is incorrect. See MPEP § 2515 and § 2530. A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where there is a complete failure to include at least one correct mandatory identifier as required by 37 CFR 1.366(c) for the patent since no evidence would be present as to the patent on which the maintenance fee was intended to be paid. If the maintenance fee payment with an incorrect mandatory identifier was made near the end of the grace period, the patent might expire since the Office would not credit the fee to the patent. A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where the patentee paid a maintenance fee on one patent when the patentee intended to pay the maintenance fee on a different patent but through error identified the wrong patent number and application number. Likewise, a petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where the entire maintenance fee payment, including any necessary surcharge, was not filed prior to expiration of the patent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.377Term Lapse for Maintenance FeePost-Issuance & Maintenance FeesIntervening Rights After Reinstatement
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2580-4cb59efe635f9b1deb1b8ae5]
Correct Mandatory Identifiers Required for Maintenance Fee Payment
Note:
A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 is not appropriate if the mandatory patent or application number is missing, as no evidence exists to identify the correct patent.

37 CFR 1.377 provides a mechanism for review of a decision refusing to accept and record payment of a maintenance fee filed prior to the expiration of a patent. 37 CFR 1.377(a) permits a patentee who is dissatisfied with the refusal of the Office to accept and record a maintenance fee which was filed prior to the expiration of the patent to petition the Director to accept and record the maintenance fee. This petition may be used, for example, in situations where an error is present in the identifying data required by 37 CFR 1.366(c) with the maintenance fee payment, i.e., either the patent number or the application number is incorrect. See MPEP § 2515 and § 2530. A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where there is a complete failure to include at least one correct mandatory identifier as required by 37 CFR 1.366(c) for the patent since no evidence would be present as to the patent on which the maintenance fee was intended to be paid. If the maintenance fee payment with an incorrect mandatory identifier was made near the end of the grace period, the patent might expire since the Office would not credit the fee to the patent. A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where the patentee paid a maintenance fee on one patent when the patentee intended to pay the maintenance fee on a different patent but through error identified the wrong patent number and application number. Likewise, a petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where the entire maintenance fee payment, including any necessary surcharge, was not filed prior to expiration of the patent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.377Term Lapse for Maintenance FeePost-Issuance & Maintenance FeesLate Payment Surcharge
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2580-caba95c2ed79da7af764c893]
Incorrect Patent Number for Maintenance Fee
Note:
A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 is not appropriate when a patentee pays a maintenance fee on the wrong patent due to an error in identifying the correct patent number and application number.

37 CFR 1.377 provides a mechanism for review of a decision refusing to accept and record payment of a maintenance fee filed prior to the expiration of a patent. 37 CFR 1.377(a) permits a patentee who is dissatisfied with the refusal of the Office to accept and record a maintenance fee which was filed prior to the expiration of the patent to petition the Director to accept and record the maintenance fee. This petition may be used, for example, in situations where an error is present in the identifying data required by 37 CFR 1.366(c) with the maintenance fee payment, i.e., either the patent number or the application number is incorrect. See MPEP § 2515 and § 2530. A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where there is a complete failure to include at least one correct mandatory identifier as required by 37 CFR 1.366(c) for the patent since no evidence would be present as to the patent on which the maintenance fee was intended to be paid. If the maintenance fee payment with an incorrect mandatory identifier was made near the end of the grace period, the patent might expire since the Office would not credit the fee to the patent. A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where the patentee paid a maintenance fee on one patent when the patentee intended to pay the maintenance fee on a different patent but through error identified the wrong patent number and application number. Likewise, a petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where the entire maintenance fee payment, including any necessary surcharge, was not filed prior to expiration of the patent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.377Term Lapse for Maintenance FeePost-Issuance & Maintenance FeesLate Payment Surcharge
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2580-8e0f7099e404cb8917da115c]
Petition to Refund Fee if Office Error
Note:
A petition may request a fee refund if the refusal to accept and record a maintenance fee is due to an Office error.

Any petition filed under 37 CFR 1.377 must be filed within 2 months of the action complained of, or within such other time as may be set in the action complained of. The petition must be accompanied by the proper petition fee (37 CFR 1.17(g)). The petition may include a request that the petition fee be refunded if the refusal to accept and record the maintenance fee is determined to have resulted from an error by the Office.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.377Term Lapse for Maintenance FeeProcessing FeesPost-Issuance & Maintenance Fees
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2580-0f8900a2fb6adbe09c597b41]
Non-Party for Maintenance Fee Payment Only
Note:
A person or organization responsible only for paying maintenance fees is not considered a party in interest under 37 CFR 1.377.

Any petition filed under 37 CFR 1.377 must comply with the requirements of 37 CFR 1.181(b) and must be signed by an attorney or agent registered to practice before the Office, or by the patentee, the assignee, or other party in interest. A person or organization whose only responsibility insofar as the patent is concerned is the payment of a maintenance fee is not a party in interest for purposes of 37 CFR 1.377. If the petition is signed by a person not registered to practice before the Office, the petition must indicate whether the person signing the petition is the patentee, assignee, or other party in interest. An assignee must comply with the requirements of pre-AIA 37 CFR 3.73(b), for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012 or 37 CFR 3.73(c) for applications filed on or after September 16, 2012, which are discussed in MPEP §§ 324 and 325, respectively.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.377Term Lapse for Maintenance FeePost-Issuance & Maintenance FeesMaintenance Fee Amounts
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-2580-f481777570c3b1748c898642]
Petition Must Be Marked and Addressed to Office of Petitions
Note:
Any petition under 37 CFR 1.377 must be marked on the front page and addressed to the Office of Petitions.

Any petition under 37 CFR 1.377 should be marked on the front page of the communication to the attention of the Office of Petitions and addressed as follows:

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.377Term Lapse for Maintenance FeePost-Issuance & Maintenance FeesMaintenance Fee Amounts
Topic

Notice of Expiration

3 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2580-591aeb739f50c357825c8797]
Petition for Incorrectly Filed Maintenance Fee
Note:
Permits patentees to petition the Director to accept and record a maintenance fee filed with incorrect identifying data before patent expiration.

37 CFR 1.377 provides a mechanism for review of a decision refusing to accept and record payment of a maintenance fee filed prior to the expiration of a patent. 37 CFR 1.377(a) permits a patentee who is dissatisfied with the refusal of the Office to accept and record a maintenance fee which was filed prior to the expiration of the patent to petition the Director to accept and record the maintenance fee. This petition may be used, for example, in situations where an error is present in the identifying data required by 37 CFR 1.366(c) with the maintenance fee payment, i.e., either the patent number or the application number is incorrect. See MPEP § 2515 and § 2530. A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where there is a complete failure to include at least one correct mandatory identifier as required by 37 CFR 1.366(c) for the patent since no evidence would be present as to the patent on which the maintenance fee was intended to be paid. If the maintenance fee payment with an incorrect mandatory identifier was made near the end of the grace period, the patent might expire since the Office would not credit the fee to the patent. A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where the patentee paid a maintenance fee on one patent when the patentee intended to pay the maintenance fee on a different patent but through error identified the wrong patent number and application number. Likewise, a petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where the entire maintenance fee payment, including any necessary surcharge, was not filed prior to expiration of the patent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.377Notice of ExpirationTerm Lapse for Maintenance FeePost-Issuance & Maintenance Fees
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2580-36435166d8f7435700b210e0]
Petition for Accepting Late Maintenance Fee
Note:
Patentees can petition the Director to accept and record a maintenance fee filed before patent expiration if dissatisfied with an Office refusal.

37 CFR 1.377 provides a mechanism for review of a decision refusing to accept and record payment of a maintenance fee filed prior to the expiration of a patent. 37 CFR 1.377(a) permits a patentee who is dissatisfied with the refusal of the Office to accept and record a maintenance fee which was filed prior to the expiration of the patent to petition the Director to accept and record the maintenance fee. This petition may be used, for example, in situations where an error is present in the identifying data required by 37 CFR 1.366(c) with the maintenance fee payment, i.e., either the patent number or the application number is incorrect. See MPEP § 2515 and § 2530. A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where there is a complete failure to include at least one correct mandatory identifier as required by 37 CFR 1.366(c) for the patent since no evidence would be present as to the patent on which the maintenance fee was intended to be paid. If the maintenance fee payment with an incorrect mandatory identifier was made near the end of the grace period, the patent might expire since the Office would not credit the fee to the patent. A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where the patentee paid a maintenance fee on one patent when the patentee intended to pay the maintenance fee on a different patent but through error identified the wrong patent number and application number. Likewise, a petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where the entire maintenance fee payment, including any necessary surcharge, was not filed prior to expiration of the patent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.377Notice of ExpirationTerm Lapse for Maintenance FeePost-Issuance & Maintenance Fees
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2580-23c6486a307c06b9bf06ce45]
Petition for Late Maintenance Fee Not Allowed If Entire Payment Missed
Note:
A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 is not appropriate if the entire maintenance fee payment, including any necessary surcharge, was not filed before the patent's expiration.

37 CFR 1.377 provides a mechanism for review of a decision refusing to accept and record payment of a maintenance fee filed prior to the expiration of a patent. 37 CFR 1.377(a) permits a patentee who is dissatisfied with the refusal of the Office to accept and record a maintenance fee which was filed prior to the expiration of the patent to petition the Director to accept and record the maintenance fee. This petition may be used, for example, in situations where an error is present in the identifying data required by 37 CFR 1.366(c) with the maintenance fee payment, i.e., either the patent number or the application number is incorrect. See MPEP § 2515 and § 2530. A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where there is a complete failure to include at least one correct mandatory identifier as required by 37 CFR 1.366(c) for the patent since no evidence would be present as to the patent on which the maintenance fee was intended to be paid. If the maintenance fee payment with an incorrect mandatory identifier was made near the end of the grace period, the patent might expire since the Office would not credit the fee to the patent. A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where the patentee paid a maintenance fee on one patent when the patentee intended to pay the maintenance fee on a different patent but through error identified the wrong patent number and application number. Likewise, a petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where the entire maintenance fee payment, including any necessary surcharge, was not filed prior to expiration of the patent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.377Notice of ExpirationTerm Lapse for Maintenance FeePost-Issuance & Maintenance Fees
Topic

Processing Fees

2 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2580-0a4d566d8fd5c070843e9a3f]
Petition for Review Must Be Filed Within Two Months and Accompanied by Fee
Note:
A petition to review a decision refusing to accept and record a maintenance fee must be filed within two months of the action complained of, along with the required fee.

(b) Any petition under this section must be filed within two months of the action complained of, or within such other time as may be set in the action complained of, and must be accompanied by the fee set forth in § 1.17(g). The petition may include a request that the petition fee be refunded if the refusal to accept and record the maintenance fee is determined to result from an error by the Patent and Trademark Office.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.17(g)Processing FeesMaintenance Fee AmountsFee Requirements
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2580-59e02ff2803977c2233ad715]
Petition Must Include Proper Fee
Note:
A petition filed under 37 CFR 1.377 must include the correct fee as specified in 37 CFR 1.17(g).

Any petition filed under 37 CFR 1.377 must be filed within 2 months of the action complained of, or within such other time as may be set in the action complained of. The petition must be accompanied by the proper petition fee (37 CFR 1.17(g)). The petition may include a request that the petition fee be refunded if the refusal to accept and record the maintenance fee is determined to have resulted from an error by the Office.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.377Processing FeesMaintenance Fee AmountsFee Requirements
Topic

Assignee as Applicant Signature

2 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2580-00e8e6558d69ac42b7e6390d]
Petitions Must Be Signed by Registered Attorneys or Agents, Patentee, Assignee, or Other Party in Interest
Note:
Any petition filed under 37 CFR 1.377 must be signed by a registered attorney or agent, the patentee, assignee, or other party with interest.

Any petition filed under 37 CFR 1.377 must comply with the requirements of 37 CFR 1.181(b) and must be signed by an attorney or agent registered to practice before the Office, or by the patentee, the assignee, or other party in interest. A person or organization whose only responsibility insofar as the patent is concerned is the payment of a maintenance fee is not a party in interest for purposes of 37 CFR 1.377. If the petition is signed by a person not registered to practice before the Office, the petition must indicate whether the person signing the petition is the patentee, assignee, or other party in interest. An assignee must comply with the requirements of pre-AIA 37 CFR 3.73(b), for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012 or 37 CFR 3.73(c) for applications filed on or after September 16, 2012, which are discussed in MPEP §§ 324 and 325, respectively.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.377Assignee as Applicant SignaturePatent Term ExpirationPatent Term
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2580-b9a8b2c3998520a2d3d10384]
Petition Must Indicate Signer Status If Not Registered Attorney
Note:
If a petition is signed by someone not registered to practice before the Office, it must specify whether that person is the patentee, assignee, or other party in interest.

Any petition filed under 37 CFR 1.377 must comply with the requirements of 37 CFR 1.181(b) and must be signed by an attorney or agent registered to practice before the Office, or by the patentee, the assignee, or other party in interest. A person or organization whose only responsibility insofar as the patent is concerned is the payment of a maintenance fee is not a party in interest for purposes of 37 CFR 1.377. If the petition is signed by a person not registered to practice before the Office, the petition must indicate whether the person signing the petition is the patentee, assignee, or other party in interest. An assignee must comply with the requirements of pre-AIA 37 CFR 3.73(b), for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012 or 37 CFR 3.73(c) for applications filed on or after September 16, 2012, which are discussed in MPEP §§ 324 and 325, respectively.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.377Assignee as Applicant SignaturePatent Term ExpirationPatent Term
Topic

Grace Period Window

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2580-3cc58960cf339f9deed6a636]
Patent May Expire If Incorrect Identifier Near Grace Period End
Note:
If a maintenance fee with an incorrect mandatory identifier is paid near the end of the grace period, the patent may expire as the Office will not credit the fee.

37 CFR 1.377 provides a mechanism for review of a decision refusing to accept and record payment of a maintenance fee filed prior to the expiration of a patent. 37 CFR 1.377(a) permits a patentee who is dissatisfied with the refusal of the Office to accept and record a maintenance fee which was filed prior to the expiration of the patent to petition the Director to accept and record the maintenance fee. This petition may be used, for example, in situations where an error is present in the identifying data required by 37 CFR 1.366(c) with the maintenance fee payment, i.e., either the patent number or the application number is incorrect. See MPEP § 2515 and § 2530. A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where there is a complete failure to include at least one correct mandatory identifier as required by 37 CFR 1.366(c) for the patent since no evidence would be present as to the patent on which the maintenance fee was intended to be paid. If the maintenance fee payment with an incorrect mandatory identifier was made near the end of the grace period, the patent might expire since the Office would not credit the fee to the patent. A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where the patentee paid a maintenance fee on one patent when the patentee intended to pay the maintenance fee on a different patent but through error identified the wrong patent number and application number. Likewise, a petition under 37 CFR 1.377 would not be appropriate where the entire maintenance fee payment, including any necessary surcharge, was not filed prior to expiration of the patent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.377Grace Period WindowTerm Lapse for Maintenance FeePost-Issuance & Maintenance Fees
Topic

Patent Term Expiration

1 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2580-f02839f1b1fbf54be669b565]
Petition Must Be Filed Within 2 Months of Action Complained Of
Note:
A petition under 37 CFR 1.377 must be filed within 2 months of the action complained of, or as set by the action.

Any petition filed under 37 CFR 1.377 must be filed within 2 months of the action complained of, or within such other time as may be set in the action complained of. The petition must be accompanied by the proper petition fee (37 CFR 1.17(g)). The petition may include a request that the petition fee be refunded if the refusal to accept and record the maintenance fee is determined to have resulted from an error by the Office.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.377Patent Term ExpirationFee RequirementsMaintenance Fee Payment
Topic

AIA Effective Dates

1 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2580-7d9dd75b33d3e36f3c3a5f98]
Assignee Must Comply With AIA Effective Dates
Note:
An assignee must follow pre-AIA 37 CFR 3.73(b) for applications filed before September 16, 2012, and 37 CFR 3.73(c) for those filed on or after that date.

Any petition filed under 37 CFR 1.377 must comply with the requirements of 37 CFR 1.181(b) and must be signed by an attorney or agent registered to practice before the Office, or by the patentee, the assignee, or other party in interest. A person or organization whose only responsibility insofar as the patent is concerned is the payment of a maintenance fee is not a party in interest for purposes of 37 CFR 1.377. If the petition is signed by a person not registered to practice before the Office, the petition must indicate whether the person signing the petition is the patentee, assignee, or other party in interest. An assignee must comply with the requirements of pre-AIA 37 CFR 3.73(b), for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012 or 37 CFR 3.73(c) for applications filed on or after September 16, 2012, which are discussed in MPEP §§ 324 and 325, respectively.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.377AIA Effective DatesAssignee Rights Post-AIA (MPEP 324-325)Establishing Ownership

Citations

Primary topicCitation
Grace Period Window
Notice of Expiration
Term Lapse for Maintenance Fee
35 U.S.C. § 2530
Patent Term Expiration
Processing Fees
Term Lapse for Maintenance Fee
37 CFR § 1.17(g)
AIA Effective Dates
Assignee as Applicant Signature
Term Lapse for Maintenance Fee
37 CFR § 1.181(b)
Grace Period Window
Notice of Expiration
Term Lapse for Maintenance Fee
37 CFR § 1.366(c)
AIA Effective Dates
Assignee as Applicant Signature
Grace Period Window
Notice of Expiration
Patent Term Expiration
Processing Fees
Term Lapse for Maintenance Fee
37 CFR § 1.377
Grace Period Window
Notice of Expiration
Term Lapse for Maintenance Fee
37 CFR § 1.377(a)
AIA Effective Dates
Assignee as Applicant Signature
Term Lapse for Maintenance Fee
37 CFR § 3.73(b)
AIA Effective Dates
Assignee as Applicant Signature
Term Lapse for Maintenance Fee
37 CFR § 3.73(c)
Grace Period Window
Notice of Expiration
Term Lapse for Maintenance Fee
MPEP § 2515
AIA Effective Dates
Assignee as Applicant Signature
Term Lapse for Maintenance Fee
MPEP § 324

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31