MPEP § 2308 — Action After an Interference (Annotated Rules)

§2308 Action After an Interference

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 2308, including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Action After an Interference

This section addresses Action After an Interference. Primary authority: 37 CFR 41.127. Contains: 2 requirements, 4 prohibitions, 1 guidance statement, and 2 other statements.

Key Rules

Topic

Estoppel After Judgment

9 rules
StatutoryProhibitedAlways
[mpep-2308-39a6c989ae44dc6e2b99141b]
Estoppel After Judgment Disposes of Issues
Note:
A losing party cannot take actions in the Office inconsistent with their failure to move for relief on an issue, except for contested subjects they won. Adverse judgment against a claim is a final action requiring no further Office disposal.
(a) Effect within Office —
  • (1) Estoppel. A judgment disposes of all issues that were, or by motion could have properly been, raised and decided. A losing party who could have properly moved for relief on an issue, but did not so move, may not take action in the Office after the judgment that is inconsistent with that party’s failure to move, except that a losing party shall not be estopped with respect to any contested subject matter for which that party was awarded a favorable judgment.
  • (2) Final disposal of claim. Adverse judgment against a claim is a final action of the Office requiring no further action by the Office to dispose of the claim permanently.
Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.127Estoppel After JudgmentPTAB Contested Case Procedures
StatutoryProhibitedAlways
[mpep-2308-4bf4c179446b1c7bf51aee5b]
Losing Party Cannot Reopen Issues Adjudicated Against Them
Note:
A losing party in an Office proceeding may not take action inconsistent with their failure to move for relief on adjudicated issues, except for contested subject matter where they were awarded a favorable judgment.

(a) Effect within Office — (1) Estoppel. A judgment disposes of all issues that were, or by motion could have properly been, raised and decided. A losing party who could have properly moved for relief on an issue, but did not so move, may not take action in the Office after the judgment that is inconsistent with that party’s failure to move, except that a losing party shall not be estopped with respect to any contested subject matter for which that party was awarded a favorable judgment.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.127Estoppel After JudgmentPTAB Contested Case Procedures
StatutoryProhibitedAlways
[mpep-2308-6fab1223a5fe58b4840697d4]
Estoppel After Judgment for Properly Decided Issues
Note:
A losing party cannot take inconsistent actions after a judgment if they could have properly moved for relief on an issue, except for contested matters where they were awarded a favorable judgment.

(a) Effect within Office — (1) Estoppel. A judgment disposes of all issues that were, or by motion could have properly been, raised and decided. A losing party who could have properly moved for relief on an issue, but did not so move, may not take action in the Office after the judgment that is inconsistent with that party’s failure to move, except that a losing party shall not be estopped with respect to any contested subject matter for which that party was awarded a favorable judgment.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.127Estoppel After JudgmentPTAB Contested Case Procedures
StatutoryProhibitedAlways
[mpep-2308-e929e64380bb36a1c489f3a2]
Losing Party Cannot Take Inconsistent Action Post-Judgment
Note:
A losing party who failed to move for relief on an issue may not take inconsistent action in the Office after judgment, except for contested matters where they were awarded a favorable judgment.

(a) Effect within Office — (1) Estoppel. A judgment disposes of all issues that were, or by motion could have properly been, raised and decided. A losing party who could have properly moved for relief on an issue, but did not so move, may not take action in the Office after the judgment that is inconsistent with that party’s failure to move, except that a losing party shall not be estopped with respect to any contested subject matter for which that party was awarded a favorable judgment.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.127Estoppel After JudgmentPTAB Contested Case Procedures
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2308-ee7ca8677ac68324f9fef1ae]
Examiner Must Reopen Prosecution for Further Action Recommendations
Note:
The examiner must reopen prosecution to consider any further action recommendations in the application.

Jurisdiction over an application returns to the examiner once the interference has terminated. If there is a recommendation for further action in the application, the examiner must reopen prosecution to consider the recommendation. The examiner must enter any recommended rejection, and must maintain the rejection unless the applicant by amendment or submission of new evidence overcomes the rejection to the examiner’s satisfaction. Moreover, in the first action after termination of an interference or derivation, the examiner should make of record in each application all references not already of record which were pertinent to any preliminary motions and which were discussed in the decision on motion.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.127Estoppel After JudgmentPTAB JurisdictionPTAB Contested Case Procedures
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2308-989ad3b64d82e473e739d294]
Examiner Must Maintain Rejection Unless Overcome
Note:
The examiner must maintain any recommended rejection unless the applicant provides sufficient amendment or evidence to satisfy the examiner.

Jurisdiction over an application returns to the examiner once the interference has terminated. If there is a recommendation for further action in the application, the examiner must reopen prosecution to consider the recommendation. The examiner must enter any recommended rejection, and must maintain the rejection unless the applicant by amendment or submission of new evidence overcomes the rejection to the examiner’s satisfaction. Moreover, in the first action after termination of an interference or derivation, the examiner should make of record in each application all references not already of record which were pertinent to any preliminary motions and which were discussed in the decision on motion.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.127Estoppel After JudgmentPTAB JurisdictionPTAB Contested Case Procedures
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2308-2d2ac45b742d3faa81069975]
Priority Resolution After Interference
Note:
An interference judgment resolves priority disputes between parties but does not prevent further examiner rejections.

An interference judgment simply resolves any question of priority between the two parties to the interference. The judgment does not prevent the examiner from making a rejection in further examination in the same application or a different application. If a party loses on an issue in the interference, the examiner should reject any claim for which allowance would be inconsistent with the interference judgment.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.127Estoppel After JudgmentPTAB Contested Case Procedures
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2308-061cfee5211183e5aca51983]
Examiner Can Reexamine Same or Different Application After Interference Judgment
Note:
The examiner is permitted to make rejections in further examination of the same application or a different application following an interference judgment.

An interference judgment simply resolves any question of priority between the two parties to the interference. The judgment does not prevent the examiner from making a rejection in further examination in the same application or a different application. If a party loses on an issue in the interference, the examiner should reject any claim for which allowance would be inconsistent with the interference judgment.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.127Estoppel After JudgmentPTAB Contested Case Procedures
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-2308-c22901a0b0e25b0f3b1bdf8d]
Claim Allowance Consistent With Interference Judgment
Note:
If a party loses an interference, claims cannot be allowed if they conflict with the interference judgment.

An interference judgment simply resolves any question of priority between the two parties to the interference. The judgment does not prevent the examiner from making a rejection in further examination in the same application or a different application. If a party loses on an issue in the interference, the examiner should reject any claim for which allowance would be inconsistent with the interference judgment.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.127Estoppel After JudgmentPTAB Contested Case Procedures
Topic

PTAB Jurisdiction

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2308-32470fbb41e905080c6e6ccd]
Examiner Must Resume Prosecution After Interference Ends
Note:
The examiner must resume prosecution and consider any recommendations for further action after an interference has terminated.

Jurisdiction over an application returns to the examiner once the interference has terminated. If there is a recommendation for further action in the application, the examiner must reopen prosecution to consider the recommendation. The examiner must enter any recommended rejection, and must maintain the rejection unless the applicant by amendment or submission of new evidence overcomes the rejection to the examiner’s satisfaction. Moreover, in the first action after termination of an interference or derivation, the examiner should make of record in each application all references not already of record which were pertinent to any preliminary motions and which were discussed in the decision on motion.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 41.127PTAB JurisdictionPTAB Contested Case ProceduresEstoppel After Judgment

Examiner Form Paragraphs

Examiner form paragraphs are standard language that you might see in an Office Action or communication from the USPTO. Examiners have latitude to change the form paragraphs, but you will often see this exact language.

¶ 23.02 ¶ 23.02 Ex Parte Prosecution Is Resumed

Interference No. [1] has been terminated by a decision [2] to applicant. Ex parte prosecution is resumed.

Citations

Primary topicCitation
Form Paragraph § 23.02

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31