MPEP § 2173.05(u) — Trademarks or Trade Names in a Claim (Annotated Rules)

§2173.05(u) Trademarks or Trade Names in a Claim

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 2173.05(u), including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Trademarks or Trade Names in a Claim

This section addresses Trademarks or Trade Names in a Claim. Primary authority: 35 U.S.C. 112(b) and 35 U.S.C. 112. Contains: 1 prohibition, 4 guidance statements, and 4 other statements.

Key Rules

Topic

Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))

7 rules
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-2173-05-u-f5edf0d10afa4fb98af8453a]
Trademark Use in Claims Not Improper
Note:
A trademark or trade name can be used in claims as long as it is not defining the goods themselves but rather identifying their source.

The presence of a trademark or trade name in a claim is not, per se, improper under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, but the claim should be carefully analyzed to determine how the mark or name is used in the claim. It is important to recognize that a trademark or trade name is used to identify a source of goods, and is not the name of the goods themselves. Thus a trademark or trade name does not define or describe the goods associated with the trademark or trade name. See definitions of trademark and trade name in MPEP § 608.01(v).

Jump to MPEP SourceAlternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))Trademarks in Claims (MPEP 2173.05(u))
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2173-05-u-3df131defdc25becdabba96d]
Trade Name as Limitation Not Allowed
Note:
Claims must not use trademarks to identify or describe materials/products; doing so makes claims indefinite and improperly uses the trademark.

If the trademark or trade name is used in a claim as a limitation to identify or describe a particular material or product, the claim does not comply with the requirements of the 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph. Ex parte Simpson, 218 USPQ 1020 (Bd. App. 1982). See also Eli Lilly & Co. v. Apotex, Inc., 837 Fed. Appx. 780, 784-85, 2020 USPQ2d 11531 (Fed. Cir. 2020) ("Following Patent Office procedure, the Examiner in this case rejected the claims of the '821 application as indefinite because they improperly used the trade name 'ALIMTA.' In response to the rejection, Lilly canceled its claims reciting the trade name and pursued claims using the generic name for the same substance, which mooted the rejection. Additionally, as the district court observed, the Examiner 'explicitly noted that pemetrexed disodium was 'also known by the trade name ALIMTA' ' in the contemporaneous obviousness rejection."). The claim scope is uncertain since the trademark or trade name cannot be used properly to describe any particular material or product. In fact, the value of a trademark would be lost to the extent that it became the generic name of a product, rather than used as an identification of a source or origin of a product. Thus, the use of a trademark or trade name in a claim to describe a material or product would not only render a claim indefinite, but would also constitute an improper use of the trademark or trade name. If the applicant responds to such a rejection by replacing the trademark or trade name with a generic term, the examiner should determine whether there is sufficient support in the application for use of a generic term. See MPEP § 2163, subsection II.A.3(b).

Jump to MPEP SourceAlternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))Trademarks in Claims (MPEP 2173.05(u))
StatutoryProhibitedAlways
[mpep-2173-05-u-72dafc263d1d1fc84dba1a9f]
Trademark Cannot Describe Product
Note:
A trademark cannot be used in a claim to describe a specific product, as it would render the claim indefinite and potentially lose its distinctiveness.

If the trademark or trade name is used in a claim as a limitation to identify or describe a particular material or product, the claim does not comply with the requirements of the 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph. Ex parte Simpson, 218 USPQ 1020 (Bd. App. 1982). See also Eli Lilly & Co. v. Apotex, Inc., 837 Fed. Appx. 780, 784-85, 2020 USPQ2d 11531 (Fed. Cir. 2020) ("Following Patent Office procedure, the Examiner in this case rejected the claims of the '821 application as indefinite because they improperly used the trade name 'ALIMTA.' In response to the rejection, Lilly canceled its claims reciting the trade name and pursued claims using the generic name for the same substance, which mooted the rejection. Additionally, as the district court observed, the Examiner 'explicitly noted that pemetrexed disodium was 'also known by the trade name ALIMTA' ' in the contemporaneous obviousness rejection."). The claim scope is uncertain since the trademark or trade name cannot be used properly to describe any particular material or product. In fact, the value of a trademark would be lost to the extent that it became the generic name of a product, rather than used as an identification of a source or origin of a product. Thus, the use of a trademark or trade name in a claim to describe a material or product would not only render a claim indefinite, but would also constitute an improper use of the trademark or trade name. If the applicant responds to such a rejection by replacing the trademark or trade name with a generic term, the examiner should determine whether there is sufficient support in the application for use of a generic term. See MPEP § 2163, subsection II.A.3(b).

Jump to MPEP SourceAlternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))Trademarks in Claims (MPEP 2173.05(u))
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2173-05-u-e40e408167c326498baaba00]
Trademark Cannot Describe Product
Note:
A trademark cannot be used in a claim to describe a product, as it would render the claim indefinite and improperly use the trademark.

If the trademark or trade name is used in a claim as a limitation to identify or describe a particular material or product, the claim does not comply with the requirements of the 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph. Ex parte Simpson, 218 USPQ 1020 (Bd. App. 1982). See also Eli Lilly & Co. v. Apotex, Inc., 837 Fed. Appx. 780, 784-85, 2020 USPQ2d 11531 (Fed. Cir. 2020) ("Following Patent Office procedure, the Examiner in this case rejected the claims of the '821 application as indefinite because they improperly used the trade name 'ALIMTA.' In response to the rejection, Lilly canceled its claims reciting the trade name and pursued claims using the generic name for the same substance, which mooted the rejection. Additionally, as the district court observed, the Examiner 'explicitly noted that pemetrexed disodium was 'also known by the trade name ALIMTA' ' in the contemporaneous obviousness rejection."). The claim scope is uncertain since the trademark or trade name cannot be used properly to describe any particular material or product. In fact, the value of a trademark would be lost to the extent that it became the generic name of a product, rather than used as an identification of a source or origin of a product. Thus, the use of a trademark or trade name in a claim to describe a material or product would not only render a claim indefinite, but would also constitute an improper use of the trademark or trade name. If the applicant responds to such a rejection by replacing the trademark or trade name with a generic term, the examiner should determine whether there is sufficient support in the application for use of a generic term. See MPEP § 2163, subsection II.A.3(b).

Jump to MPEP SourceAlternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))Trademarks in Claims (MPEP 2173.05(u))
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-2173-05-u-586087510593d7b72e46b054]
Support Required for Generic Terms Replaced from Trade Names
Note:
If an applicant replaces a trademark with a generic term in response to a rejection, the examiner must verify if there is sufficient support in the application for using the generic term.

If the trademark or trade name is used in a claim as a limitation to identify or describe a particular material or product, the claim does not comply with the requirements of the 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph. Ex parte Simpson, 218 USPQ 1020 (Bd. App. 1982). See also Eli Lilly & Co. v. Apotex, Inc., 837 Fed. Appx. 780, 784-85, 2020 USPQ2d 11531 (Fed. Cir. 2020) ("Following Patent Office procedure, the Examiner in this case rejected the claims of the '821 application as indefinite because they improperly used the trade name 'ALIMTA.' In response to the rejection, Lilly canceled its claims reciting the trade name and pursued claims using the generic name for the same substance, which mooted the rejection. Additionally, as the district court observed, the Examiner 'explicitly noted that pemetrexed disodium was 'also known by the trade name ALIMTA' ' in the contemporaneous obviousness rejection."). The claim scope is uncertain since the trademark or trade name cannot be used properly to describe any particular material or product. In fact, the value of a trademark would be lost to the extent that it became the generic name of a product, rather than used as an identification of a source or origin of a product. Thus, the use of a trademark or trade name in a claim to describe a material or product would not only render a claim indefinite, but would also constitute an improper use of the trademark or trade name. If the applicant responds to such a rejection by replacing the trademark or trade name with a generic term, the examiner should determine whether there is sufficient support in the application for use of a generic term. See MPEP § 2163, subsection II.A.3(b).

Jump to MPEP SourceAlternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))Trademarks in Claims (MPEP 2173.05(u))
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-2173-05-u-2ae7ee6a59b118fe031cee19]
Claim Must Address Non-Limiting Trademark Presence
Note:
Claims must explain why a trademark or trade name, not intended as a limitation, is included and address any scope confusion.

If a trademark or trade name appears in a claim and is not intended as a limitation in the claim, the question of why it is in the claim should be addressed. If its presence in the claim causes confusion as to the scope of the claim, then the claim should be rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph.

Jump to MPEP SourceAlternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))Trademarks in Claims (MPEP 2173.05(u))
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-2173-05-u-863f86c993bc5ceb3d5bf217]
Claim Must Not Cause Scope Confusion
Note:
A claim should not include a trademark or trade name that causes confusion about the scope of protection.

If a trademark or trade name appears in a claim and is not intended as a limitation in the claim, the question of why it is in the claim should be addressed. If its presence in the claim causes confusion as to the scope of the claim, then the claim should be rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph.

Jump to MPEP SourceAlternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))Disclosure Requirements
Topic

Trademarks in Claims (MPEP 2173.05(u))

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2173-05-u-ef8b5046277103ab95ca8f94]
Trademark vs Goods Description in Claims
Note:
A trademark or trade name should not define the goods themselves but rather identify their source. Claims must be analyzed to ensure proper usage.

The presence of a trademark or trade name in a claim is not, per se, improper under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, but the claim should be carefully analyzed to determine how the mark or name is used in the claim. It is important to recognize that a trademark or trade name is used to identify a source of goods, and is not the name of the goods themselves. Thus a trademark or trade name does not define or describe the goods associated with the trademark or trade name. See definitions of trademark and trade name in MPEP § 608.01(v).

Jump to MPEP SourceTrademarks in Claims (MPEP 2173.05(u))35 U.S.C. 112(b) – Definiteness (MPEP 2171-2173)Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))
Topic

Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2173-05-u-0c0563f744d5c6693ca264ab]
Claims Must Not Use Trade Names
Note:
Claims must not use trade names as limitations to describe materials or products, which could render them indefinite and improperly use the trademark.

If the trademark or trade name is used in a claim as a limitation to identify or describe a particular material or product, the claim does not comply with the requirements of the 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph. Ex parte Simpson, 218 USPQ 1020 (Bd. App. 1982). See also Eli Lilly & Co. v. Apotex, Inc., 837 Fed. Appx. 780, 784-85, 2020 USPQ2d 11531 (Fed. Cir. 2020) ("Following Patent Office procedure, the Examiner in this case rejected the claims of the '821 application as indefinite because they improperly used the trade name 'ALIMTA.' In response to the rejection, Lilly canceled its claims reciting the trade name and pursued claims using the generic name for the same substance, which mooted the rejection. Additionally, as the district court observed, the Examiner 'explicitly noted that pemetrexed disodium was 'also known by the trade name ALIMTA' ' in the contemporaneous obviousness rejection."). The claim scope is uncertain since the trademark or trade name cannot be used properly to describe any particular material or product. In fact, the value of a trademark would be lost to the extent that it became the generic name of a product, rather than used as an identification of a source or origin of a product. Thus, the use of a trademark or trade name in a claim to describe a material or product would not only render a claim indefinite, but would also constitute an improper use of the trademark or trade name. If the applicant responds to such a rejection by replacing the trademark or trade name with a generic term, the examiner should determine whether there is sufficient support in the application for use of a generic term. See MPEP § 2163, subsection II.A.3(b).

Jump to MPEP SourceLack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))Trademarks in Claims (MPEP 2173.05(u))Obviousness

Citations

Primary topicCitation
Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))
Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))
Trademarks in Claims (MPEP 2173.05(u))
35 U.S.C. § 112
Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))
Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))
Trademarks in Claims (MPEP 2173.05(u))
35 U.S.C. § 112(b)
Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))
Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))
MPEP § 2163
Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))
Trademarks in Claims (MPEP 2173.05(u))
MPEP § 608.01(v)

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31