MPEP § 2162 — Policy Underlying 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, First Paragraph (Annotated Rules)

§2162 Policy Underlying 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, First Paragraph

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2026-01-17

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 2162, including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Policy Underlying 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, First Paragraph

This section addresses Policy Underlying 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, First Paragraph. Primary authority: 35 U.S.C. 112(a) and 35 U.S.C. 112. Contains: 3 requirements and 3 other statements.

Key Rules

Topic

Written Description Requirement (MPEP 2163)

3 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2162-68b12cc89371959857df337c]
Requirement for Adequate Written Description
Note:
The patent application must provide a full and clear description of the invention to ensure public disclosure in exchange for exclusive rights granted by a patent.

To obtain a valid patent, a patent application must contain a full and clear description of the invention for which a patent is sought in the manner prescribed by 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, first paragraph. The requirement for an adequate written description ensures that the public receives something in return for the exclusionary rights that are granted to the inventor by a patent. The grant of a patent helps to foster and enhance the development and disclosure of new ideas and the advancement of scientific knowledge. Upon the grant of a patent in the U.S., information contained in the patent becomes a part of the information available to the public for further research and development, subject only to the patentee’s right to exclude others during the life of the patent.

Jump to MPEP SourceWritten Description Requirement (MPEP 2163)35 U.S.C. 112(a) – Written Description & EnablementAIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2162-9c90e7a26ed915f4bd2dc0d9]
Patent Grant Enhances Scientific Knowledge
Note:
The grant of a patent promotes the disclosure of new ideas and advances scientific knowledge by making information publicly available, subject to the inventor’s temporary exclusivity.

To obtain a valid patent, a patent application must contain a full and clear description of the invention for which a patent is sought in the manner prescribed by 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, first paragraph. The requirement for an adequate written description ensures that the public receives something in return for the exclusionary rights that are granted to the inventor by a patent. The grant of a patent helps to foster and enhance the development and disclosure of new ideas and the advancement of scientific knowledge. Upon the grant of a patent in the U.S., information contained in the patent becomes a part of the information available to the public for further research and development, subject only to the patentee’s right to exclude others during the life of the patent.

Jump to MPEP SourceWritten Description Requirement (MPEP 2163)35 U.S.C. 112(a) – Written Description & EnablementAIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2162-2acc26ab1fee0370646cec01]
Information in Patent Becomes Public Knowledge Post Grant
Note:
Upon granting a patent, the information disclosed in the patent becomes available to the public for further research and development, subject to the inventor's exclusive rights during the patent’s lifespan.

To obtain a valid patent, a patent application must contain a full and clear description of the invention for which a patent is sought in the manner prescribed by 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, first paragraph. The requirement for an adequate written description ensures that the public receives something in return for the exclusionary rights that are granted to the inventor by a patent. The grant of a patent helps to foster and enhance the development and disclosure of new ideas and the advancement of scientific knowledge. Upon the grant of a patent in the U.S., information contained in the patent becomes a part of the information available to the public for further research and development, subject only to the patentee’s right to exclude others during the life of the patent.

Jump to MPEP SourceWritten Description Requirement (MPEP 2163)35 U.S.C. 112(a) – Written Description & EnablementAIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Topic

35 U.S.C. 112(a) – Written Description & Enablement

2 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2162-2a32261e4e286d73a37b3db1]
Requirement for Full and Clear Description of Invention
Note:
A patent application must provide a complete and clear description of the invention to satisfy the written description requirement.

To obtain a valid patent, a patent application must contain a full and clear description of the invention for which a patent is sought in the manner prescribed by 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, first paragraph. The requirement for an adequate written description ensures that the public receives something in return for the exclusionary rights that are granted to the inventor by a patent. The grant of a patent helps to foster and enhance the development and disclosure of new ideas and the advancement of scientific knowledge. Upon the grant of a patent in the U.S., information contained in the patent becomes a part of the information available to the public for further research and development, subject only to the patentee’s right to exclude others during the life of the patent.

Jump to MPEP Source35 U.S.C. 112(a) – Written Description & EnablementAIA vs Pre-AIA PracticeDisclosure Requirements
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2162-7fc79dce209c2fadd3675cd2]
Written Description and Enablement Must Be Provided
Note:
The patent application must disclose sufficient information to demonstrate inventor possession and enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention.

In exchange for the patent rights granted, 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, first paragraph, sets forth the minimum requirements for the quality and quantity of information that must be contained in a patent application to justify the grant of a patent. As discussed in more detail below, the patentee must disclose sufficient information to demonstrate that the inventor had possession of the invention at the time of filing and to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The applicant must not conceal from the public the best way of practicing the invention that was known to the patentee at the time of filing the patent application. Failure to fully comply with the disclosure requirements could result in the denial of a patent, or in a holding of invalidity of an issued patent.

Jump to MPEP Source35 U.S.C. 112(a) – Written Description & EnablementAIA vs Pre-AIA PracticeDisclosure Requirements
Topic

Test of Enablement (MPEP 2164.01)

2 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2162-f3e4742b47d25a3edde2b651]
Patentee Must Disclose Sufficient Information for Enablement and Written Description
Note:
The patentee must provide enough detail to show inventor possession at filing and enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention.

In exchange for the patent rights granted, 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, first paragraph, sets forth the minimum requirements for the quality and quantity of information that must be contained in a patent application to justify the grant of a patent. As discussed in more detail below, the patentee must disclose sufficient information to demonstrate that the inventor had possession of the invention at the time of filing and to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The applicant must not conceal from the public the best way of practicing the invention that was known to the patentee at the time of filing the patent application. Failure to fully comply with the disclosure requirements could result in the denial of a patent, or in a holding of invalidity of an issued patent.

Jump to MPEP SourceTest of Enablement (MPEP 2164.01)How to Use the Invention (MPEP 2164.01(c))Enablement Requirement (MPEP 2164)
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2162-ac8bbbc6285679734c12bd59]
Disclosure Must Justify Patent Grant
Note:
Patent applications must fully disclose the invention to justify grant and prevent invalidity.

In exchange for the patent rights granted, 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, first paragraph, sets forth the minimum requirements for the quality and quantity of information that must be contained in a patent application to justify the grant of a patent. As discussed in more detail below, the patentee must disclose sufficient information to demonstrate that the inventor had possession of the invention at the time of filing and to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The applicant must not conceal from the public the best way of practicing the invention that was known to the patentee at the time of filing the patent application. Failure to fully comply with the disclosure requirements could result in the denial of a patent, or in a holding of invalidity of an issued patent.

Jump to MPEP SourceTest of Enablement (MPEP 2164.01)How to Use the Invention (MPEP 2164.01(c))Enablement Requirement (MPEP 2164)
Topic

Assignee as Applicant Signature

1 rules
StatutoryProhibitedAlways
[mpep-2162-4b3961b56f6938ee08306f36]
Best Mode Must Be Disclosed
Note:
The applicant must reveal the best way to practice the invention known at filing, ensuring those skilled in the art can make and use it.

In exchange for the patent rights granted, 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, first paragraph, sets forth the minimum requirements for the quality and quantity of information that must be contained in a patent application to justify the grant of a patent. As discussed in more detail below, the patentee must disclose sufficient information to demonstrate that the inventor had possession of the invention at the time of filing and to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The applicant must not conceal from the public the best way of practicing the invention that was known to the patentee at the time of filing the patent application. Failure to fully comply with the disclosure requirements could result in the denial of a patent, or in a holding of invalidity of an issued patent.

Jump to MPEP SourceAssignee as Applicant SignatureApplicant and Assignee Filing Under AIATest of Enablement (MPEP 2164.01)

Citations

Primary topicCitation
35 U.S.C. 112(a) – Written Description & Enablement
Assignee as Applicant Signature
Test of Enablement (MPEP 2164.01)
Written Description Requirement (MPEP 2163)
35 U.S.C. § 112
35 U.S.C. 112(a) – Written Description & Enablement
Assignee as Applicant Signature
Test of Enablement (MPEP 2164.01)
Written Description Requirement (MPEP 2163)
35 U.S.C. § 112(a)

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2026-01-17