MPEP § 2001.01 — Who Has Duty To Disclose (Annotated Rules)

§2001.01 Who Has Duty To Disclose

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2026-01-10

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 2001.01, including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Who Has Duty To Disclose

This section addresses Who Has Duty To Disclose. Primary authority: 37 CFR 1.56(c), 37 CFR 1.555(a), and 37 CFR 1.56. Contains: 1 permission and 6 other statements.

Key Rules

Topic

Individuals Under Duty

3 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2001-01-c130d5d46f672b6d399783f5]
Who Must Disclose Information for Patent Applications
Note:
The rule specifies that inventors, attorneys, agents, and those substantively involved in preparing or prosecuting patent applications have the duty to disclose information material to patentability.

The duty to disclose applies to matters pending before the USPTO and extends broadly to “[e]ach individual associated with the filing and prosecution of a patent application” and “[e]ach individual associated with the patent owner in a reexamination proceeding.” 37 CFR 1.56(c) and 1.555(a). For patent applications, including reissue applications, these individuals include each inventor named in the application, each attorney or agent who prepares or prosecutes the application, and “[e]very other person who is substantively involved in the preparation or prosecution of the application and who is associated with the inventor, the applicant, an assignee, or anyone to whom there is an obligation to assign the application.” This is intended to make clear that the duty does not extend to typists, clerks, and similar personnel who assist with an application. For reexamination proceedings, these individuals include “the patent owner, each attorney or agent who represents the patent owner, and every other individual who is substantively involved on behalf of the patent owner in a reexamination proceeding.” 37 CFR 1.555(a).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.56(c)Individuals Under DutyTiming of DutyWho May File Reissue
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2001-01-a1e173db829cdc9e28e8c5a1]
Requirement for Individuals Substantively Involved in Reexamination Proceedings
Note:
The duty to disclose requires individuals, including the patent owner and their representatives, who are substantively involved in reexamination proceedings to fulfill this obligation.

The duty to disclose applies to matters pending before the USPTO and extends broadly to “[e]ach individual associated with the filing and prosecution of a patent application” and “[e]ach individual associated with the patent owner in a reexamination proceeding.” 37 CFR 1.56(c) and 1.555(a). For patent applications, including reissue applications, these individuals include each inventor named in the application, each attorney or agent who prepares or prosecutes the application, and “[e]very other person who is substantively involved in the preparation or prosecution of the application and who is associated with the inventor, the applicant, an assignee, or anyone to whom there is an obligation to assign the application.” This is intended to make clear that the duty does not extend to typists, clerks, and similar personnel who assist with an application. For reexamination proceedings, these individuals include “the patent owner, each attorney or agent who represents the patent owner, and every other individual who is substantively involved on behalf of the patent owner in a reexamination proceeding.” 37 CFR 1.555(a).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.56(c)Individuals Under DutyReissue and ReexaminationConcurrent Reissue Proceedings
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2001-01-56a73a6172471a4cceae7814]
Individuals Within Corporation Must Disclose Material Information
Note:
The duty of disclosure applies to individuals within a corporation who are involved in preparing or prosecuting patent applications, ensuring their actions do not affect the corporation's rights.

The duty of disclosure applies only to individuals, not to organizations. For instance, the duty of disclosure would not apply to a corporation or institution as such. However, it would apply to individuals within the corporation or institution who were substantively involved in the preparation or prosecution of the application, and actions by such individuals may affect the rights of the corporation or institution.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.56Individuals Under DutyTiming of DutyDuty of Disclosure Fundamentals
Topic

Duty of Disclosure Fundamentals

2 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2001-01-b50ff5091ddb5972bf533f78]
Duty to Disclose Information Material to Patentability
Note:
Individuals associated with patent applications and reexamination proceedings must disclose information material to patentability.

The duty to disclose applies to matters pending before the USPTO and extends broadly to “[e]ach individual associated with the filing and prosecution of a patent application” and “[e]ach individual associated with the patent owner in a reexamination proceeding.” 37 CFR 1.56(c) and 1.555(a). For patent applications, including reissue applications, these individuals include each inventor named in the application, each attorney or agent who prepares or prosecutes the application, and “[e]very other person who is substantively involved in the preparation or prosecution of the application and who is associated with the inventor, the applicant, an assignee, or anyone to whom there is an obligation to assign the application.” This is intended to make clear that the duty does not extend to typists, clerks, and similar personnel who assist with an application. For reexamination proceedings, these individuals include “the patent owner, each attorney or agent who represents the patent owner, and every other individual who is substantively involved on behalf of the patent owner in a reexamination proceeding.” 37 CFR 1.555(a).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.56(c)Duty of Disclosure FundamentalsDuty of DisclosureMaterial Information Definition
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2001-01-2aaf816cf0f5db0bafe5ca4e]
Duty of Disclosure Applies to Individuals Only
Note:
The duty to disclose information material to patentability applies only to individuals, not organizations. Actions by individuals within an organization can affect the organization's rights.

The duty of disclosure applies only to individuals, not to organizations. For instance, the duty of disclosure would not apply to a corporation or institution as such. However, it would apply to individuals within the corporation or institution who were substantively involved in the preparation or prosecution of the application, and actions by such individuals may affect the rights of the corporation or institution.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.56Duty of Disclosure FundamentalsDuty of DisclosureMaterial Information Definition
Topic

Timing of Duty

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2001-01-3d0ae6cb028ba65540700b52]
Duty to Disclose Information Material to Patentability
Note:
Individuals involved in patent applications and reexamination proceedings must disclose information material to patentability.

The duty to disclose applies to matters pending before the USPTO and extends broadly to “[e]ach individual associated with the filing and prosecution of a patent application” and “[e]ach individual associated with the patent owner in a reexamination proceeding.” 37 CFR 1.56(c) and 1.555(a). For patent applications, including reissue applications, these individuals include each inventor named in the application, each attorney or agent who prepares or prosecutes the application, and “[e]very other person who is substantively involved in the preparation or prosecution of the application and who is associated with the inventor, the applicant, an assignee, or anyone to whom there is an obligation to assign the application.” This is intended to make clear that the duty does not extend to typists, clerks, and similar personnel who assist with an application. For reexamination proceedings, these individuals include “the patent owner, each attorney or agent who represents the patent owner, and every other individual who is substantively involved on behalf of the patent owner in a reexamination proceeding.” 37 CFR 1.555(a).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.56(c)Timing of DutyReissue and ReexaminationDuty of Disclosure Fundamentals
Topic

Material Information Definition

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2001-01-b960242667d1ea608da45c04]
Duty to Disclose Material Information for Patent Applications and Reexaminations
Note:
Individuals associated with patent applications and reexamination proceedings must disclose material information that is relevant to the patentability of the invention.

The duty to disclose applies to matters pending before the USPTO and extends broadly to “[e]ach individual associated with the filing and prosecution of a patent application” and “[e]ach individual associated with the patent owner in a reexamination proceeding.” 37 CFR 1.56(c) and 1.555(a). For patent applications, including reissue applications, these individuals include each inventor named in the application, each attorney or agent who prepares or prosecutes the application, and “[e]very other person who is substantively involved in the preparation or prosecution of the application and who is associated with the inventor, the applicant, an assignee, or anyone to whom there is an obligation to assign the application.” This is intended to make clear that the duty does not extend to typists, clerks, and similar personnel who assist with an application. For reexamination proceedings, these individuals include “the patent owner, each attorney or agent who represents the patent owner, and every other individual who is substantively involved on behalf of the patent owner in a reexamination proceeding.” 37 CFR 1.555(a).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.56(c)Material Information DefinitionMateriality StandardAIA vs Pre-AIA Practice

Citations

Primary topicCitation
Duty of Disclosure Fundamentals
Individuals Under Duty
Material Information Definition
Timing of Duty
37 CFR § 1.555(a)
Duty of Disclosure Fundamentals
Individuals Under Duty
Material Information Definition
Timing of Duty
37 CFR § 1.56(c)

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2026-01-10