MPEP § 1503.01 — Specification (Annotated Rules)

§1503.01 Specification

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 1503.01, including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Specification

This section addresses Specification. Primary authority: 35 U.S.C. 112(b), 35 U.S.C. 112, and 35 U.S.C. 132. Contains: 10 requirements, 2 prohibitions, 6 guidance statements, 2 permissions, and 3 other statements.

Key Rules

Topic

Design Claim Form

15 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1503-01-ff6a19d8c4f696bd73ceee81]
Claim Must Describe Ornamental Design For Article Shown
Note:
The claim must be stated in formal terms describing the ornamental design of a specific article as shown in the drawings, without additional description beyond referencing the drawing.

(a) The title of the design must designate the particular article. No description, other than a reference to the drawing, is ordinarily required. The claim shall be in formal terms to the ornamental design for the article (specifying name) as shown, or as shown and described. More than one claim is neither required nor permitted.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.153Design Claim FormDesign Patent PracticeAIA Effective Dates
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1503-01-4a8fb4946b03a28b1017b0ac]
Single Claim Required for Design Patent
Note:
The design patent claim must specify the ornamental design shown, and multiple claims are not permitted.

(a) The title of the design must designate the particular article. No description, other than a reference to the drawing, is ordinarily required. The claim shall be in formal terms to the ornamental design for the article (specifying name) as shown, or as shown and described. More than one claim is neither required nor permitted.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.153Design Claim FormSingle Claim RequirementAIA Effective Dates
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1503-01-20306a39cf318a978120e4a5]
Claim Must Describe Ornamental Design
Note:
The claim must describe the ornamental design of a specific article as shown in the drawing, without additional description beyond referencing the drawing.

(a) The title of the design must designate the particular article. No description, other than a reference to the drawing, is ordinarily required. The claim shall be in formal terms to the ornamental design for the article (specifying name) as shown, or as shown and described. More than one claim is neither required nor permitted.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.153Design Claim FormDesign Patent PracticeAIA Effective Dates
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1503-01-1d9e62d3cb2339b5cb00a8f9]
Single Claim Requirement for Design Application
Note:
A single claim must be used to specify the ornamental design of an article, and multiple claims are not permitted.

(a) The title of the design must designate the particular article. No description, other than a reference to the drawing, is ordinarily required. The claim shall be in formal terms to the ornamental design for the article (specifying name) as shown, or as shown and described. More than one claim is neither required nor permitted.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.153Design Claim FormSingle Claim RequirementAIA Effective Dates
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1503-01-d4d50ffa15d741a029f638e6]
Title Must Match Article Named in Claim
Note:
The title of a design patent application must correspond to the article named in the claim, as required by 37 CFR 1.153.

Since 37 CFR 1.153 requires that the title must designate the particular article, and since the claim must be in formal terms to the “ornamental design for the article (specifying name) as shown, or as shown and described,” the title and claim must correspond. When the article named in the title does not correspond to the article named in the claim, the examiner should object to the inconsistency under 37 CFR 1.153 and require correction.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.153Design Claim FormDesign Title RequirementsDesign Application Requirements
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-1503-01-75381d76292d8ce451e1c689]
Title and Claim Must Correspond
Note:
The examiner must object to any inconsistency between the article named in the title and the claim, requiring correction under 37 CFR 1.153.

Since 37 CFR 1.153 requires that the title must designate the particular article, and since the claim must be in formal terms to the “ornamental design for the article (specifying name) as shown, or as shown and described,” the title and claim must correspond. When the article named in the title does not correspond to the article named in the claim, the examiner should object to the inconsistency under 37 CFR 1.153 and require correction.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.153Design Claim FormDesign Title RequirementsDesign Application Requirements
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1503-01-f89f7541d2a1411895333dd5]
Design Claims Not Subject to Utility Requirements
Note:
Design claims in a patent application do not need to meet the requirements specified for utility claims.

The requirements for utility claims specified in 37 CFR 1.75 do not apply to design claims. Instead, the form and content of a claim in a design patent application filed under 35 U.S.C. chapter 16 is set forth in 37 CFR 1.153:

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.75Design Claim FormDesign Application RequirementsDesign Patent Practice
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1503-01-a838868a532110ca7390c96f]
Form and Content of Design Claims Set by CFR 1.153
Note:
The requirements for the form and content of claims in design patent applications are specified in 37 CFR 1.153, not the utility claim requirements in 37 CFR 1.75.

The requirements for utility claims specified in 37 CFR 1.75 do not apply to design claims. Instead, the form and content of a claim in a design patent application filed under 35 U.S.C. chapter 16 is set forth in 37 CFR 1.153:

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.75Design Claim FormDesign Application RequirementsDesign Patent Practice
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1503-01-7c743b574476d85380d0c2d2]
Claim Must Describe Ornamental Design As Shown
Note:
The claim must describe the ornamental design of an article as shown in the drawings, with no more than one claim permitted.

(a)… The claim shall be in formal terms to the ornamental design for the article (specifying name) as shown, or as shown and described. More than one claim is neither required nor permitted.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.153Design Claim FormDesign Patent PracticeDesign Application Requirements
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1503-01-26ef87dacacaaee59f15ed90]
Single Claim Requirement for Ornamental Design
Note:
A single claim must be made for the ornamental design of an article, and multiple claims are not permitted.

(a)… The claim shall be in formal terms to the ornamental design for the article (specifying name) as shown, or as shown and described. More than one claim is neither required nor permitted.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.153Design Claim FormSingle Claim RequirementDesign Application Requirements
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-1503-01-81f1e1f3d40af94e9d10f184]
Design Patent Application Must Contain Only One Claim
Note:
A design patent application should include a single claim in formal terms and must be consistent with the title of the invention.

A design patent application may only include a single claim. The single claim should normally be in formal terms to “The ornamental design for (the article which embodies the design or to which it is applied) as shown.” The description of the article in the claim should be consistent in terminology with the title of the invention. See MPEP § 1503.01, subsection I.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.153Design Claim FormSingle Claim RequirementDesign Patent Practice
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-1503-01-d20fff36eb5e7edcd21babd4]
Claim Must Describe Ornamental Design
Note:
The design patent claim should describe the ornamental design of a specific article as shown in the application.

A design patent application may only include a single claim. The single claim should normally be in formal terms to “The ornamental design for (the article which embodies the design or to which it is applied) as shown.” The description of the article in the claim should be consistent in terminology with the title of the invention. See MPEP § 1503.01, subsection I.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.153Design Claim FormSingle Claim RequirementDesign Patent Practice
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-1503-01-baab93ddf516db1c535ada13]
Description of Article Must Match Title Terminology
Note:
The description in the claim must use the same terminology as the invention title to ensure clarity and consistency.

A design patent application may only include a single claim. The single claim should normally be in formal terms to “The ornamental design for (the article which embodies the design or to which it is applied) as shown.” The description of the article in the claim should be consistent in terminology with the title of the invention. See MPEP § 1503.01, subsection I.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.153Design Claim FormDesign SpecificationDesign Title Requirements
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1503-01-9587f32b817ff958b1d10574]
Claim Must Include Description When Properly Described in Specification
Note:
The claim for an ornamental design must include 'as shown and described' if the specification properly describes or shows modified forms of the design.

When the specification includes a proper descriptive statement of the design (see MPEP § 1503.01, subsection II), or a proper showing of modified forms of the design or other descriptive matter has been included in the specification, the words “and described” must be added to the claim following the term “shown”; i.e., the claim must read “The ornamental design for (the article which embodies the design or to which it is applied) as shown and described.”

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.153Design Claim FormDesign SpecificationRequired Claim Content
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1503-01-16a0a365fb4d3cfeecf807da]
Claim Form for International Design Application
Note:
The claim form and content for an international design application designated to the United States must comply with 37 CFR 1.1025, mirroring the requirements set by 37 CFR 1.153.

The form and content of a claim in an international design application designating the United States is set forth in 37 CFR 1.1025, which mirrors the claim requirements set forth in 37 CFR 1.153. See also MPEP Chapter 2900 for international design applications.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.1025Design Claim FormDesignation of United StatesDesign Claim Requirements
Topic

AIA Effective Dates

7 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1503-01-73ac83c03ea7c7ea1dc70fd2]
Oath or Declaration Requirement for Inventors
Note:
The inventor must provide an oath or declaration that complies with either §1.63 or §1.64 requirements.

(b) The inventor's oath or declaration must comply with the requirements of § 1.63, or comply with the requirements of § 1.64 for a substitute statement.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.63AIA Effective DatesAIA Overview and Effective DatesAIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-1503-01-583ad135ddad0c9c04a27150]
Claim Must Define Invention as Regarded by Inventor
Note:
The claim must define the ornamental design regarded by the inventor as the invention, allowing substantial latitude in language but requiring clarity and specificity.

However, it is emphasized that, under 35 U.S.C. 112(b), the claim defines “the subject matter which the inventor or joint inventor regards as the invention” (emphasis added); (or for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012, under the second paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112 the claim defines "the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention"), that is, the ornamental design to be embodied in or applied to an article. Thus, the examiner should afford the applicant substantial latitude in the language of the title/claim. The examiner should require amendment of the title/claim if the language is clearly misdescriptive, inaccurate, or unclear (i.e., the language would result in a rejection of the claim under 35 U.S.C. 112(b), (or for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph); see MPEP § 1504.04, subsection II). The use of language such as “or the like” or “or similar article” in the title when directed to the environment of the article embodying the design will not be the basis for a rejection of the claim under 35 U.S.C. 112(b), (or for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012, 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph). However, such language is indefinite when it refers to the area of articles defining the subject matter of the design. An acceptable title would be “door for cabinets, houses, or the like,” while the title “door or the like” would be unacceptable and the claim will be rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b), (or for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph). Ex parte Pappas, 23 USPQ2d 1636 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1992). See also MPEP § 1504.04; subsection II.

Jump to MPEP SourceAIA Effective DatesSurface OrnamentationAlternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-1503-01-3344bfee5959210de66208c9]
Examiner Must Require Clear Claim Language
Note:
The examiner should require amendment of the claim if the language is clearly misdescriptive, inaccurate, or unclear.

However, it is emphasized that, under 35 U.S.C. 112(b), the claim defines “the subject matter which the inventor or joint inventor regards as the invention” (emphasis added); (or for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012, under the second paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112 the claim defines "the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention"), that is, the ornamental design to be embodied in or applied to an article. Thus, the examiner should afford the applicant substantial latitude in the language of the title/claim. The examiner should require amendment of the title/claim if the language is clearly misdescriptive, inaccurate, or unclear (i.e., the language would result in a rejection of the claim under 35 U.S.C. 112(b), (or for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph); see MPEP § 1504.04, subsection II). The use of language such as “or the like” or “or similar article” in the title when directed to the environment of the article embodying the design will not be the basis for a rejection of the claim under 35 U.S.C. 112(b), (or for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012, 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph). However, such language is indefinite when it refers to the area of articles defining the subject matter of the design. An acceptable title would be “door for cabinets, houses, or the like,” while the title “door or the like” would be unacceptable and the claim will be rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b), (or for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph). Ex parte Pappas, 23 USPQ2d 1636 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1992). See also MPEP § 1504.04; subsection II.

Jump to MPEP SourceAIA Effective DatesDesign IndefinitenessAlternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1503-01-a29c9f5dd141234c3744c340]
Claim Must Describe Specific Article Embodied Design
Note:
The claim must describe a specific article embodying the design, such as 'door for cabinets, houses, or the like,' and cannot use vague language like 'or the like' when defining the subject matter.

However, it is emphasized that, under 35 U.S.C. 112(b), the claim defines “the subject matter which the inventor or joint inventor regards as the invention” (emphasis added); (or for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012, under the second paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112 the claim defines "the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention"), that is, the ornamental design to be embodied in or applied to an article. Thus, the examiner should afford the applicant substantial latitude in the language of the title/claim. The examiner should require amendment of the title/claim if the language is clearly misdescriptive, inaccurate, or unclear (i.e., the language would result in a rejection of the claim under 35 U.S.C. 112(b), (or for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph); see MPEP § 1504.04, subsection II). The use of language such as “or the like” or “or similar article” in the title when directed to the environment of the article embodying the design will not be the basis for a rejection of the claim under 35 U.S.C. 112(b), (or for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012, 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph). However, such language is indefinite when it refers to the area of articles defining the subject matter of the design. An acceptable title would be “door for cabinets, houses, or the like,” while the title “door or the like” would be unacceptable and the claim will be rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b), (or for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph). Ex parte Pappas, 23 USPQ2d 1636 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1992). See also MPEP § 1504.04; subsection II.

Jump to MPEP SourceAIA Effective DatesAlternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))
StatutoryProhibitedAlways
[mpep-1503-01-ca233ec5c6023d1bb9cc584c]
Amendments to Title Must Have Basis
Note:
Amendments to the title of a design must be supported by the original disclosure and cannot introduce new matter.

Amendments to the title, whether directed to the article in which the design is embodied or its environment, must have antecedent basis in the original disclosure and may not introduce new matter. Ex parte Strijland, 26 USPQ2d 1259 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1992). If an amendment to the title is directed to the environment in which the design is used and the amendment would introduce new matter, the examiner should object to the amendment under 35 U.S.C. 132. If an amendment to the title is directed to the article in which the design is embodied and the amendment would introduce new matter, in addition to the objection under 35 U.S.C. 132, the claim must be rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) (or for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012, the first paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112).

Jump to MPEP SourceAIA Effective DatesAIA Overview and Effective DatesAIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-1503-01-f2ffb254d37eb73430c428f0]
Amendment to Title Describing Environment Must Have Basis and Not Introduce New Matter
Note:
An amendment to the title describing the environment of the design must have antecedent basis in the original disclosure and may not introduce new matter.

Amendments to the title, whether directed to the article in which the design is embodied or its environment, must have antecedent basis in the original disclosure and may not introduce new matter. Ex parte Strijland, 26 USPQ2d 1259 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1992). If an amendment to the title is directed to the environment in which the design is used and the amendment would introduce new matter, the examiner should object to the amendment under 35 U.S.C. 132. If an amendment to the title is directed to the article in which the design is embodied and the amendment would introduce new matter, in addition to the objection under 35 U.S.C. 132, the claim must be rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) (or for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012, the first paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112).

Jump to MPEP SourceAIA Effective DatesAIA Overview and Effective DatesAIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1503-01-6a2eaf0901845b6c5402f824]
Title Amendment Must Not Introduce New Matter
Note:
An amendment to the title that changes the article in which the design is embodied and introduces new matter must be rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(a).

Amendments to the title, whether directed to the article in which the design is embodied or its environment, must have antecedent basis in the original disclosure and may not introduce new matter. Ex parte Strijland, 26 USPQ2d 1259 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1992). If an amendment to the title is directed to the environment in which the design is used and the amendment would introduce new matter, the examiner should object to the amendment under 35 U.S.C. 132. If an amendment to the title is directed to the article in which the design is embodied and the amendment would introduce new matter, in addition to the objection under 35 U.S.C. 132, the claim must be rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) (or for applications filed prior to September 16, 2012, the first paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112).

Jump to MPEP SourceAIA Effective DatesAIA Overview and Effective DatesAIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Topic

Design Specification

5 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1503-01-e69d5998417e09fbbf42742f]
Design Title Must Only Reference Drawing
Note:
The title of the design must only reference the drawing and no additional description is required.

(a) The title of the design must designate the particular article. No description, other than a reference to the drawing, is ordinarily required. The claim shall be in formal terms to the ornamental design for the article (specifying name) as shown, or as shown and described. More than one claim is neither required nor permitted.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.153Design SpecificationAIA Effective DatesDesign Claim Form
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1503-01-1f715431f51771d8c82dd7ff]
No Description Required for Design
Note:
A design patent specification does not require a description beyond referencing the drawing.

(a) The title of the design must designate the particular article. No description, other than a reference to the drawing, is ordinarily required. The claim shall be in formal terms to the ornamental design for the article (specifying name) as shown, or as shown and described. More than one claim is neither required nor permitted.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.153Design SpecificationAIA Effective DatesDesign Claim Form
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-1503-01-8f6aee3f8a5c6148577fc5a2]
Order of Design Specification Sections Required
Note:
The design specification must include specific sections in a particular order: preamble, cross-reference to related applications (if applicable), statement regarding federally sponsored research or development, description of the figure(s) of the drawing, feature description, and a single claim.
(b) The specification should include the following sections in order:
  • (1) Preamble, stating the name of the applicant, title of the design, and a brief description of the nature and intended use of the article in which the design is embodied.
  • (2) Cross-reference to related applications (unless included in the application data sheet).
  • (3) Statement regarding federally sponsored research or development.
  • (4) Description of the figure or figures of the drawing.
  • (5) Feature description.
  • (6) A single claim.
Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.154Design SpecificationPatent Application ContentDesign Application Requirements
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1503-01-70a94408024c67c8b52a88b0]
Specification Must Include Preamble
Note:
The specification must include a preamble that states the applicant's name, design title, and a brief description of the article embodying the design.

(b) The specification should include the following sections in order (1) Preamble, stating the name of the applicant, title of the design, and a brief description of the nature and intended use of the article in which the design is embodied.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.154Design SpecificationDesign Title RequirementsDesign Application Requirements
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-1503-01-24f29f71ef3e93e44c233142]
Specification Sections Must Have Uppercase Heading
Note:
The text of the specification sections should be preceded by a section heading in uppercase letters without underlining or bold type.

(c) The text of the specification sections defined in paragraph (b) of this section, if applicable, should be preceded by a section heading in uppercase letters without underlining or bold type.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.154Design SpecificationDesign Application RequirementsDesign Patent Practice
Topic

Prior Art for Designs

4 rules
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-1503-01-dddf199c05a5d4e670e54b73]
Title Must Identify Embodied Article
Note:
The design title must identify the article in which the design is embodied using a name known by the public and may define claim scope.

The title of the design identifies the article in which the design is embodied by the name generally known and used by the public and may contribute to defining the scope of the claim. See MPEP § 1504.04, subsection I.A. See Curver Luxembourg, SARL v. Home Expressions, Inc., 938 F.3d 1334, 1340, 2019 USPQ2d 341902 (Fed. Cir. 2019) (“[I]dentifying the article of manufacture serves to notify the public about the general scope of protection afforded by the design patent”). The title may be directed to the entire article embodying the design while the claimed design shown in full lines in the drawings may be directed to only a portion of the article. However, the title may not be directed to less than the claimed design shown in full lines in the drawings. A title descriptive of the actual article aids the examiner in developing a complete field of search of the prior art and further aids in the proper assignment of new applications to the appropriate class, subclass, and patent examiner, and the proper classification of the patent upon allowance of the application. It also helps the public in understanding the nature and use of the article embodying the design after the patent has been issued. For example, a broad title such as “Adapter Ring” provides little or no information as to the nature and intended use of the article embodying the design. If a broad title is used, the description of the nature and intended use of the design may be incorporated into the preamble.

Jump to MPEP SourcePrior Art for DesignsArticle of Manufacture RequirementDesign Novelty
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1503-01-8e7b5cb6c8420ae5339edec0]
Title Must Describe Article Embodied by Design
Note:
The title of a design patent must describe the article in which the design is embodied to inform the public about the general scope of protection and aid in proper classification.

The title of the design identifies the article in which the design is embodied by the name generally known and used by the public and may contribute to defining the scope of the claim. See MPEP § 1504.04, subsection I.A. See Curver Luxembourg, SARL v. Home Expressions, Inc., 938 F.3d 1334, 1340, 2019 USPQ2d 341902 (Fed. Cir. 2019) (“[I]dentifying the article of manufacture serves to notify the public about the general scope of protection afforded by the design patent”). The title may be directed to the entire article embodying the design while the claimed design shown in full lines in the drawings may be directed to only a portion of the article. However, the title may not be directed to less than the claimed design shown in full lines in the drawings. A title descriptive of the actual article aids the examiner in developing a complete field of search of the prior art and further aids in the proper assignment of new applications to the appropriate class, subclass, and patent examiner, and the proper classification of the patent upon allowance of the application. It also helps the public in understanding the nature and use of the article embodying the design after the patent has been issued. For example, a broad title such as “Adapter Ring” provides little or no information as to the nature and intended use of the article embodying the design. If a broad title is used, the description of the nature and intended use of the design may be incorporated into the preamble.

Jump to MPEP SourcePrior Art for DesignsArticle of Manufacture RequirementDesign Patent Subject Matter
StatutoryProhibitedAlways
[mpep-1503-01-0ff43aa22f9c3f267278fc4e]
Title Must Cover Claimed Design
Note:
The title of the design must encompass the claimed design shown in full lines in the drawings, aiding in proper search and classification.

The title of the design identifies the article in which the design is embodied by the name generally known and used by the public and may contribute to defining the scope of the claim. See MPEP § 1504.04, subsection I.A. See Curver Luxembourg, SARL v. Home Expressions, Inc., 938 F.3d 1334, 1340, 2019 USPQ2d 341902 (Fed. Cir. 2019) (“[I]dentifying the article of manufacture serves to notify the public about the general scope of protection afforded by the design patent”). The title may be directed to the entire article embodying the design while the claimed design shown in full lines in the drawings may be directed to only a portion of the article. However, the title may not be directed to less than the claimed design shown in full lines in the drawings. A title descriptive of the actual article aids the examiner in developing a complete field of search of the prior art and further aids in the proper assignment of new applications to the appropriate class, subclass, and patent examiner, and the proper classification of the patent upon allowance of the application. It also helps the public in understanding the nature and use of the article embodying the design after the patent has been issued. For example, a broad title such as “Adapter Ring” provides little or no information as to the nature and intended use of the article embodying the design. If a broad title is used, the description of the nature and intended use of the design may be incorporated into the preamble.

Jump to MPEP SourcePrior Art for DesignsArticle of Manufacture RequirementDesign Novelty
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-1503-01-0270b5f57f6f42a5920e144b]
Description of Nature and Use May Be in Preamble If Broad Title Used
Note:
If the design title is broad, the description of the article's nature and intended use can be included in the preamble.

The title of the design identifies the article in which the design is embodied by the name generally known and used by the public and may contribute to defining the scope of the claim. See MPEP § 1504.04, subsection I.A. See Curver Luxembourg, SARL v. Home Expressions, Inc., 938 F.3d 1334, 1340, 2019 USPQ2d 341902 (Fed. Cir. 2019) (“[I]dentifying the article of manufacture serves to notify the public about the general scope of protection afforded by the design patent”). The title may be directed to the entire article embodying the design while the claimed design shown in full lines in the drawings may be directed to only a portion of the article. However, the title may not be directed to less than the claimed design shown in full lines in the drawings. A title descriptive of the actual article aids the examiner in developing a complete field of search of the prior art and further aids in the proper assignment of new applications to the appropriate class, subclass, and patent examiner, and the proper classification of the patent upon allowance of the application. It also helps the public in understanding the nature and use of the article embodying the design after the patent has been issued. For example, a broad title such as “Adapter Ring” provides little or no information as to the nature and intended use of the article embodying the design. If a broad title is used, the description of the nature and intended use of the design may be incorporated into the preamble.

Jump to MPEP SourcePrior Art for DesignsArticle of Manufacture RequirementDesign Novelty
Topic

Design Title Requirements

2 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1503-01-fd5b6c4ee0c40d2abcac4f2d]
Design Title Must Designate Particular Article
Note:
The title of the design must clearly identify the specific article depicted, without additional description beyond referencing the drawing.

(a) The title of the design must designate the particular article. No description, other than a reference to the drawing, is ordinarily required. The claim shall be in formal terms to the ornamental design for the article (specifying name) as shown, or as shown and described. More than one claim is neither required nor permitted.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.153Design Title RequirementsAIA Effective DatesDesign Claim Form
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1503-01-cef62d0abdb3d694538c8d0e]
Design Title Must Designate Article
Note:
The title of the design must clearly identify the specific article shown, without additional description beyond references to the drawings.

(a) The title of the design must designate the particular article. No description, other than a reference to the drawing, is ordinarily required. The claim shall be in formal terms to the ornamental design for the article (specifying name) as shown, or as shown and described. More than one claim is neither required nor permitted.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.153Design Title RequirementsAIA Effective DatesDesign Claim Form
Topic

Title Format Requirements

2 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1503-01-01a27fd42e0077959a7b88fa]
Title Requirement for International Design Applications Designating US
Note:
The title of an international design application designating the United States must comply with specific requirements set forth in 37 CFR sections 1.1067 and 1.153.

The practice set forth above regarding the title of the design is generally applicable to international design applications designating the United States. The requirement for a title in an international design application designating the United States is set forth in 37 CFR 1.1067 and corresponds to the requirement set forth in 37 CFR 1.153. See MPEP § 2920.04(a).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.1067Title Format RequirementsDesign Title RequirementsDesignation of United States
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1503-01-20d1d4fbaf49bece25d45070]
Requirement for Title in International Design Application Designating US
Note:
The title of an international design application designating the United States must comply with the requirements set forth in 37 CFR 1.1067 and correspond to those in 37 CFR 1.153.

The practice set forth above regarding the title of the design is generally applicable to international design applications designating the United States. The requirement for a title in an international design application designating the United States is set forth in 37 CFR 1.1067 and corresponds to the requirement set forth in 37 CFR 1.153. See MPEP § 2920.04(a).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.1067Title Format RequirementsDesign Claim FormDesign Title Requirements
Topic

Assignee as Applicant Signature

1 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1503-01-fcc0502d0e08ed92469a191f]
Oath or Declaration Requirement for Applicant
Note:
The oath or declaration required of the applicant must adhere to §1.63.

(b) The oath or declaration required of the applicant must comply with § 1.63.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.63Assignee as Applicant SignatureApplicant and Assignee Filing Under AIAAIA Effective Dates
Topic

Design Application Requirements

1 rules
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-1503-01-041b4ea9cfa0d3f6724b7031]
Order of Design Application Elements Must Be Followed
Note:
The design application must include elements in a specific order: transmittal form, fee form, data sheet, specification, drawings or photos, and inventor's oath.
(a) The elements of the design application, if applicable, should appear in the following order:
  • (1) Design application transmittal form.
  • (2) Fee transmittal form.
  • (3) Application data sheet (see § 1.76).
  • (4) Specification.
  • (5) Drawings or photographs.
  • (6) The inventor's oath or declaration (see § 1.153(b)).
Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.154Design Application RequirementsDesign Patent PracticeDesign Claim Form
Topic

Design Novelty

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1503-01-8084ca6ff2877853cbe1f770]
Title Must Describe Article Embodied By Design
Note:
The title of a design must describe the article in which the design is embodied, aiding examiners and the public in understanding its scope and use.

The title of the design identifies the article in which the design is embodied by the name generally known and used by the public and may contribute to defining the scope of the claim. See MPEP § 1504.04, subsection I.A. See Curver Luxembourg, SARL v. Home Expressions, Inc., 938 F.3d 1334, 1340, 2019 USPQ2d 341902 (Fed. Cir. 2019) (“[I]dentifying the article of manufacture serves to notify the public about the general scope of protection afforded by the design patent”). The title may be directed to the entire article embodying the design while the claimed design shown in full lines in the drawings may be directed to only a portion of the article. However, the title may not be directed to less than the claimed design shown in full lines in the drawings. A title descriptive of the actual article aids the examiner in developing a complete field of search of the prior art and further aids in the proper assignment of new applications to the appropriate class, subclass, and patent examiner, and the proper classification of the patent upon allowance of the application. It also helps the public in understanding the nature and use of the article embodying the design after the patent has been issued. For example, a broad title such as “Adapter Ring” provides little or no information as to the nature and intended use of the article embodying the design. If a broad title is used, the description of the nature and intended use of the design may be incorporated into the preamble.

Jump to MPEP SourceDesign NoveltyPrior Art for DesignsArticle of Manufacture Requirement
Topic

Drawings

1 rules
MPEP GuidanceProhibitedAlways
[mpep-1503-01-8fcd316e34890c0b17741f3b]
Illustration Should Describe Views Clearly
Note:
The specification should generally rely on the drawings to describe the design, but may include a brief description if it clarifies the views. If descriptions are unclear, the examiner can request revisions.
No description of the design in the specification beyond a brief description of the drawing is generally necessary, since as a rule the illustration in the drawing views is its own best description. In re Freeman, 23 App. D.C. 226 (App. D.C. 1904). While not required, such a description is not prohibited and may be incorporated, at applicant’s option, into the specification or may be provided in a separate paper. Ex parte Spiegel, 1919 C.D. 112, 268 O.G. 741 (Comm’r Pat. 1919). Descriptions of the figures are not required to be written in any particular format, however, if they do not describe the views of the drawing clearly and accurately, the examiner should object to the unclear and/or inaccurate descriptions and suggest language which is more clearly descriptive of the views.
  • (A) In addition to the figure descriptions, the following types of statements are permissible in the specification:
Jump to MPEP SourcePatent Application ContentFigure Requirements

Examiner Form Paragraphs

Examiner form paragraphs are standard language that you might see in an Office Action or communication from the USPTO. Examiners have latitude to change the form paragraphs, but you will often see this exact language.

¶ 15.05 ¶ 15.05 Design Patent Specification Arrangement (Ch. 16 Design Application)
¶ 15.47 ¶ 15.47 Characteristic Feature Statement

A “characteristic features” statement describing a particular feature of novelty or nonobviousness in the claimed design may be permissible in the specification. Such a statement should be in terms such as “The characteristic feature of the design resides in [1] ,” or if combined with one of the Figure descriptions, in terms such as “the characteristic feature of which resides in [2] .” While consideration of the claim goes to the total or overall appearance, the use of a “characteristic feature” statement may serve later to limit the claim ( McGrady v. Aspenglas Corp., 487 F. Supp. 859, 208 USPQ 242 (S.D.N.Y. 1980)).

Examiner Note

In brackets 1 and 2, insert brief but accurate description of the feature of novelty or nonobviousness of the claimed design.

¶ 15.41 ¶ 15.41 Functional, Structural Features Not Considered

Attention is directed to the fact that design patent applications are concerned solely with the ornamental appearance of an article of manufacture. The functional and/or structural features stressed by applicant in the papers are of no concern in design cases, and are neither permitted nor required. Function and structure fall under the realm of utility patent applications.

¶ 15.62 ¶ 15.62 Amend Claim “As Shown”
¶ 15.63 ¶ 15.63 Amend Claim “As Shown and Described”
¶ 15.64 ¶ 15.64 Addition of “And Described” to Claim

Citations

Primary topicCitation
AIA Effective Dates35 U.S.C. § 112
AIA Effective Dates35 U.S.C. § 112(a)
AIA Effective Dates35 U.S.C. § 112(b)
AIA Effective Dates35 U.S.C. § 132
Design Claim Form37 CFR § 1.1025
Title Format Requirements37 CFR § 1.1067
Design Claim Form
Title Format Requirements
37 CFR § 1.153
Design Application Requirements37 CFR § 1.153(b)
37 CFR § 1.154
AIA Effective Dates
Assignee as Applicant Signature
37 CFR § 1.63
AIA Effective Dates37 CFR § 1.64
Design Claim Form37 CFR § 1.75
Design Application Requirements37 CFR § 1.76
MPEP § 1302.04
Design Claim FormMPEP § 1503.01
MPEP § 1503.02
AIA Effective Dates
Design Novelty
Prior Art for Designs
MPEP § 1504.04
Title Format RequirementsMPEP § 2920.04(a)
Form Paragraph § 13.02.02
In re Blum, 374 F.2d 904, 907, 153 USPQ 177, 180 (CCPA 1967)
Design Novelty
Prior Art for Designs
SARL v. Home Expressions, Inc., 938 F.3d 1334, 1340, 2019 USPQ2d 341902 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31