MPEP § 1401 — Reissue (Annotated Rules)

§1401 Reissue

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 1401, including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Reissue

This section addresses Reissue. Primary authority: 35 U.S.C. 251, 37 CFR 1.172, and 37 CFR 1.171. Contains: 5 requirements, 1 guidance statement, and 6 other statements.

Key Rules

Topic

Broadening Reissue (Two-Year Limit)

5 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1401-9fd26af14e5f7c6021f11bb6]
Reissue Application by Assignee Without Scope Enlargement
Note:
An assignee of the entire interest may file a reissue application without seeking to enlarge the claims, provided the original application was filed by the same assignee.

(c) APPLICABILITY OF THIS TITLE.— The provisions of this title relating to applications for patent shall be applicable to applications for reissue of a patent, except that application for reissue may be made and sworn to by the assignee of the entire interest if the application does not seek to enlarge the scope of the claims of the original patent or the application for the original patent was filed by the assignee of the entire interest.

Jump to MPEP SourceBroadening Reissue (Two-Year Limit)Who May File ReissueReissue Claim Requirements
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1401-838dfe5f0aecc0fb33980c5f]
No Extension of Claim Scope After Two Years
Note:
A reissued patent may not enlarge the claim scope unless applied within two years from the original patent grant.

(d) REISSUE PATENT ENLARGING SCOPE OF CLAIMS.—No reissued patent shall be granted enlarging the scope of the claims of the original patent unless applied for within two years from the grant of the original patent.

Jump to MPEP SourceBroadening Reissue (Two-Year Limit)Reissue Patent PracticeOriginal Patent Requirement (Same Invention)
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1401-330d5e9e493c764a37c472ce]
Reissue Patent Must Enlarge Claims Within Two Years
Note:
A reissued patent can only enlarge the claims of the original patent if applied for within two years from its grant.

(d) REISSUE PATENT ENLARGING SCOPE OF CLAIMS.—No reissued patent shall be granted enlarging the scope of the claims of the original patent unless applied for within two years from the grant of the original patent.

Jump to MPEP SourceBroadening Reissue (Two-Year Limit)Reissue Claim RequirementsReissue Patent Practice
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1401-1732d0f19b43cbf5852c5284]
Assignee Can Swear to Reissue If No Scope Enlargement
Note:
The assignee of the entire interest can swear to a reissue application if it does not seek to enlarge the scope of the original patent claims.

The provisions of this title relating to applications for patent shall be applicable to applications for reissue of a patent, except that application for reissue may be made and sworn to by the assignee of the entire interest if the application does not seek to enlarge the scope of the claims of the original patent.

Jump to MPEP SourceBroadening Reissue (Two-Year Limit)Who May File ReissueReissue Claim Requirements
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1401-80a5fe0d6ccee58dac4b235c]
Claims Broadening Not Allowed After Two Years
Note:
A reissued patent cannot expand the claims of the original patent unless an application is filed within two years after the original patent's grant.

No reissued patent shall be granted enlarging the scope of the claims of the original patent unless applied for within two years from the grant of the original patent.

Jump to MPEP SourceBroadening Reissue (Two-Year Limit)Reissue Claim RequirementsReissue Patent Practice
Topic

AIA Effective Dates

4 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1401-ccd0dffabf5cb17a0753eea0]
Reissue Rules for Pre-AIA Applications
Note:
This rule specifies that all references to pre-AIA laws and rules in reissue applications filed before September 16, 2012, should adhere to the law and rules effective on September 15, 2012.

In this chapter, for reissue applications filed before September 16, 2012, all references to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 251 and 253 and pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.172, 1.175, 1.321, and 3.73 are to the law and rules in effect on September 15, 2012.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.172AIA Effective DatesReissue Filing RequirementsReissue Oath by Assignee
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1401-e7b5f7fc75da5a1d7277478b]
AIA Amends Reissue Error Correction
Note:
The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act amended the reissue process to remove the 'without deceptive intention' requirement for correcting patent errors.

35 U.S.C. 251 and pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 251 permit the reissue of a patent to correct an error in the patent and provide criteria for the reissue. Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 251 requires that any error to be corrected must have been made “without deceptive intention.” Effective September 16, 2012, Public Law 112-29, sec. 20, 125 Stat. 284 (Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA)), amended 35 U.S.C. 251 to eliminate the “without deceptive intention” clause. This law as amended applies to reissue applications filed on or after September 16, 2012. 37 CFR 1.171 through 1.178 are rules directed to reissue.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.171AIA Effective DatesAIA Overview and Effective DatesAIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1401-8012350cc5335eb20cf8c1f7]
Reissue After September 16, 2012
Note:
This law applies to reissue applications filed on or after the effective date of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act.

35 U.S.C. 251 and pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 251 permit the reissue of a patent to correct an error in the patent and provide criteria for the reissue. Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 251 requires that any error to be corrected must have been made “without deceptive intention.” Effective September 16, 2012, Public Law 112-29, sec. 20, 125 Stat. 284 (Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA)), amended 35 U.S.C. 251 to eliminate the “without deceptive intention” clause. This law as amended applies to reissue applications filed on or after September 16, 2012. 37 CFR 1.171 through 1.178 are rules directed to reissue.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.171AIA Effective DatesAIA Overview and Effective DatesAIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1401-65ba28bd67e1de5886239abc]
Reissue Rules for Patents Effective Post-2012
Note:
These rules apply to reissuing patents filed after September 16, 2012, under the AIA.

35 U.S.C. 251 and pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 251 permit the reissue of a patent to correct an error in the patent and provide criteria for the reissue. Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 251 requires that any error to be corrected must have been made “without deceptive intention.” Effective September 16, 2012, Public Law 112-29, sec. 20, 125 Stat. 284 (Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA)), amended 35 U.S.C. 251 to eliminate the “without deceptive intention” clause. This law as amended applies to reissue applications filed on or after September 16, 2012. 37 CFR 1.171 through 1.178 are rules directed to reissue.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.171AIA Effective DatesAIA Overview and Effective DatesAIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Topic

Original Patent Requirement (Same Invention)

3 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1401-bf271a08f305f6f2bd6df5b1]
Reissue Patent for Inoperative Error
Note:
The Director can reissue a patent if it is deemed invalid due to errors in the specification, drawing, or claims. The reissued patent covers the unexpired term of the original and must be based on a new application.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Whenever any patent is, through error, deemed wholly or partly inoperative or invalid, by reason of a defective specification or drawing, or by reason of the patentee claiming more or less than he had a right to claim in the patent, the Director shall, on the surrender of such patent and the payment of the fee required by law, reissue the patent for the invention disclosed in the original patent, and in accordance with a new and amended application, for the unexpired part of the term of the original patent. No new matter shall be introduced into the application for reissue.

Jump to MPEP SourceOriginal Patent Requirement (Same Invention)Defective Specification or DrawingMaintenance Fee Amounts
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1401-c3a7d8583f284a9e523a0015]
Reissue Claims Must Not Enlarge Original Patent Scope
Note:
The application for reissuing a patent cannot seek to enlarge the scope of the original claims unless filed by the assignee of the entire interest.

(c) APPLICABILITY OF THIS TITLE.— The provisions of this title relating to applications for patent shall be applicable to applications for reissue of a patent, except that application for reissue may be made and sworn to by the assignee of the entire interest if the application does not seek to enlarge the scope of the claims of the original patent or the application for the original patent was filed by the assignee of the entire interest.

Jump to MPEP SourceOriginal Patent Requirement (Same Invention)Reissue Patent PracticeBroadening Reissue (Two-Year Limit)
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1401-6713a87f872ef49633d77369]
Reissue Patent for Inoperative or Invalid Claims
Note:
The Director shall reissue a patent when it is deemed wholly or partly inoperative or invalid due to errors in the specification, drawings, or claims. The reissue must be based on a new and amended application for the unexpired term of the original patent.

Whenever any patent is, through error without any deceptive intention, deemed wholly or partly inoperative or invalid, by reason of a defective specification or drawing, or by reason of the patentee claiming more or less than he had a right to claim in the patent, the Director shall, on the surrender of such patent and the payment of the fee required by law, reissue the patent for the invention disclosed in the original patent, and in accordance with a new and amended application, for the unexpired part of the term of the original patent. No new matter shall be introduced into the application for reissue.

Jump to MPEP SourceOriginal Patent Requirement (Same Invention)Defective Specification or DrawingMaintenance Fee Amounts
Topic

Reissue Patent Practice

3 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1401-ba96296f67865549242e567e]
No New Matter in Reissue Application
Note:
The reissue application must not introduce new matter that was not originally claimed in the patent.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Whenever any patent is, through error, deemed wholly or partly inoperative or invalid, by reason of a defective specification or drawing, or by reason of the patentee claiming more or less than he had a right to claim in the patent, the Director shall, on the surrender of such patent and the payment of the fee required by law, reissue the patent for the invention disclosed in the original patent, and in accordance with a new and amended application, for the unexpired part of the term of the original patent. No new matter shall be introduced into the application for reissue.

Jump to MPEP SourceReissue Patent PracticeOriginal Patent Requirement (Same Invention)Grounds for Reissue
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1401-6bdc08927711fd685bdd5cc0]
No New Matter in Reissue Application
Note:
The reissued patent application must not include new matter that was not originally claimed.

Whenever any patent is, through error without any deceptive intention, deemed wholly or partly inoperative or invalid, by reason of a defective specification or drawing, or by reason of the patentee claiming more or less than he had a right to claim in the patent, the Director shall, on the surrender of such patent and the payment of the fee required by law, reissue the patent for the invention disclosed in the original patent, and in accordance with a new and amended application, for the unexpired part of the term of the original patent. No new matter shall be introduced into the application for reissue.

Jump to MPEP SourceReissue Patent PracticeOriginal Patent Requirement (Same Invention)Grounds for Reissue
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-1401-a6b9fda6f61ccca3d3047bb8]
Requirement for Office Actions in Reissue Applications
Note:
This rule requires that all office actions in reissue applications follow specific guidelines.

This paragraph should be used as a heading in all Office actions in reissue applications.

35 U.S.C.Reissue Patent Practice
Topic

Maintenance Fee Amounts

2 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1401-322260384321f0d617f59ec4]
Multiple Reissued Patents Allowed Upon Request
Note:
The Director may issue multiple reissued patents for distinct parts of the original patented invention upon applicant's request and payment of fees.

(b) MULTIPLE REISSUED PATENTS.— The Director may issue several reissued patents for distinct and separate parts of the thing patented, upon demand of the applicant, and upon payment of the required fee for a reissue for each of such reissued patents.

Jump to MPEP SourceMaintenance Fee AmountsMaintenance Fee PaymentGrounds for Reissue
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1401-fc807a3e59bfb0586eb380be]
Multiple Parts of Invention Can Be Reissued
Note:
The Director may issue separate reissued patents for distinct parts of the patented invention upon applicant's request and payment of fees.

(b) MULTIPLE REISSUED PATENTS.— The Director may issue several reissued patents for distinct and separate parts of the thing patented, upon demand of the applicant, and upon payment of the required fee for a reissue for each of such reissued patents.

Jump to MPEP SourceMaintenance Fee AmountsMaintenance Fee PaymentFee Requirements
Topic

AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice

2 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1401-52442962392105a994939e93]
Patent Reissue Criteria Without Deceptive Intent
Note:
This rule permits the reissuance of patents to correct errors, effective September 16, 2012, without requiring deceptive intention.

35 U.S.C. 251 and pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 251 permit the reissue of a patent to correct an error in the patent and provide criteria for the reissue. Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 251 requires that any error to be corrected must have been made “without deceptive intention.” Effective September 16, 2012, Public Law 112-29, sec. 20, 125 Stat. 284 (Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA)), amended 35 U.S.C. 251 to eliminate the “without deceptive intention” clause. This law as amended applies to reissue applications filed on or after September 16, 2012. 37 CFR 1.171 through 1.178 are rules directed to reissue.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.171AIA vs Pre-AIA PracticeAIA Effective DatesAIA Overview and Effective Dates
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1401-f56a95b246573cf0e976c4a2]
Correction Without Deceptive Intention Required for Pre-AIA Patent Reissue
Note:
This rule requires that any error corrected in a pre-AIA patent reissue must have been made without deceptive intention.

35 U.S.C. 251 and pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 251 permit the reissue of a patent to correct an error in the patent and provide criteria for the reissue. Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 251 requires that any error to be corrected must have been made “without deceptive intention.” Effective September 16, 2012, Public Law 112-29, sec. 20, 125 Stat. 284 (Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA)), amended 35 U.S.C. 251 to eliminate the “without deceptive intention” clause. This law as amended applies to reissue applications filed on or after September 16, 2012. 37 CFR 1.171 through 1.178 are rules directed to reissue.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.171AIA vs Pre-AIA PracticeAIA Effective DatesAIA Overview and Effective Dates
Topic

Assignee as Applicant Signature

1 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1401-013bb5e67a950d33ac404b08]
Multiple Reissues for Distinct Parts Required
Note:
The Director must issue separate reissued patents upon applicant's request and payment of fees for each distinct part of the original patented item.

The Director may issue several reissued patents for distinct and separate parts of the thing patented, upon demand of the applicant, and upon payment of the required fee for a reissue for each of such reissued patents.

Jump to MPEP SourceAssignee as Applicant SignatureApplicant and Assignee Filing Under AIAMaintenance Fee Amounts
Topic

Form Paragraph Usage

1 rules
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-1401-b71f607ef19de2331e37699f]
Office Action Must Include Form Paragraph 14.01
Note:
An Office action in a reissue application must include form paragraph 14.01 as required.

An Office action in a reissue application should include form paragraph 14.01.

Jump to MPEP SourceForm Paragraph UsageForm ParagraphsExaminer's Action (37 CFR 1.104)

Examiner Form Paragraphs

Examiner form paragraphs are standard language that you might see in an Office Action or communication from the USPTO. Examiners have latitude to change the form paragraphs, but you will often see this exact language.

¶ 14.01 ¶ 14.01 Reissue Application, Applicable Laws and Rules Heading

For reissue applications filed before September 16, 2012, all references to 35 U.S.C. 251 and 37 CFR 1.172 , 1.175 , and 3.73 are to the law and rules in effect on September 15, 2012. Where specifically designated, these are “pre-AIA” provisions.

For reissue applications filed on or after September 16, 2012, all references to 35 U.S.C. 251 and 37 CFR 1.172 , 1.175 , and 3.73 are to the current provisions.

Citations

Primary topicCitation
AIA Effective Dates
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
35 U.S.C. § 251
AIA Effective Dates
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
37 CFR § 1.171
AIA Effective Dates37 CFR § 1.172
Form Paragraph UsageForm Paragraph § 14.01

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31