MPEP § 2001.06(a) — Prior Art Cited in Related Foreign Applications (Annotated Rules)

§2001.06(a) Prior Art Cited in Related Foreign Applications

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2026-01-10

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 2001.06(a), including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Prior Art Cited in Related Foreign Applications

This section addresses Prior Art Cited in Related Foreign Applications. Primary authority: 37 CFR 1.56. Contains: 3 statements.

Key Rules

Topic

Material Information Definition

3 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2001-06-a-a56b4c0881fa955e4c8a7613]
Disclosure of Material Prior Art from Foreign Applications
Note:
Applicants must disclose to the Office any material prior art or information cited in related foreign applications, especially if used to reject claims.

Applicants and other individuals, as set forth in 37 CFR 1.56, have a duty to bring to the attention of the Office any material prior art or other information cited or brought to their attention in any related foreign application. The inference that such prior art or other information is material is especially strong where it has been used in rejecting the same or similar claims in the foreign application or where it has been identified in some manner as particularly relevant. See Gemveto Jewelry Co. v. Lambert Bros., Inc., 542 F. Supp. 933, 216 USPQ 976 (S.D. N.Y. 1982) wherein a patent was held invalid or unenforceable because patentee’s foreign counsel did not disclose to patentee’s United States counsel or to the Office prior art cited by the Dutch Patent Office in connection with the patentee’s corresponding Dutch application. The court stated, 542 F. Supp. at 943, 216 USPQ at 985:

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.56Material Information DefinitionMateriality StandardDuty of Disclosure
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2001-06-a-279088e534d50d3e9aaaccfe]
Material Prior Art Must Be Disclosed
Note:
Patent applicants must disclose to U.S. counsel and the Office any material prior art cited by foreign patent offices in related applications.

Applicants and other individuals, as set forth in 37 CFR 1.56, have a duty to bring to the attention of the Office any material prior art or other information cited or brought to their attention in any related foreign application. The inference that such prior art or other information is material is especially strong where it has been used in rejecting the same or similar claims in the foreign application or where it has been identified in some manner as particularly relevant. See Gemveto Jewelry Co. v. Lambert Bros., Inc., 542 F. Supp. 933, 216 USPQ 976 (S.D. N.Y. 1982) wherein a patent was held invalid or unenforceable because patentee’s foreign counsel did not disclose to patentee’s United States counsel or to the Office prior art cited by the Dutch Patent Office in connection with the patentee’s corresponding Dutch application. The court stated, 542 F. Supp. at 943, 216 USPQ at 985:

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.56Material Information DefinitionMateriality StandardDuty of Disclosure
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2001-06-a-d572c4dc73b54638420cbac4]
Material Prior Art Disclosure Required
Note:
Applicants must disclose material prior art to the Office if it was cited in a related foreign application.

Applicants and other individuals, as set forth in 37 CFR 1.56, have a duty to bring to the attention of the Office any material prior art or other information cited or brought to their attention in any related foreign application. The inference that such prior art or other information is material is especially strong where it has been used in rejecting the same or similar claims in the foreign application or where it has been identified in some manner as particularly relevant. See Gemveto Jewelry Co. v. Lambert Bros., Inc., 542 F. Supp. 933, 216 USPQ 976 (S.D. N.Y. 1982) wherein a patent was held invalid or unenforceable because patentee’s foreign counsel did not disclose to patentee’s United States counsel or to the Office prior art cited by the Dutch Patent Office in connection with the patentee’s corresponding Dutch application. The court stated, 542 F. Supp. at 943, 216 USPQ at 985:

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.56Material Information DefinitionMateriality StandardDuty of Disclosure

Citations

Primary topicCitation
Material Information Definition37 CFR § 1.56

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2026-01-10