MPEP § 715.01 — 37 CFR 1.131(a) Affidavits Versus 37 CFR 1.132 Affidavits (Annotated Rules)

§715.01 37 CFR 1.131(a) Affidavits Versus 37 CFR 1.132 Affidavits

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 715.01, including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

37 CFR 1.131(a) Affidavits Versus 37 CFR 1.132 Affidavits

This section addresses 37 CFR 1.131(a) Affidavits Versus 37 CFR 1.132 Affidavits. Primary authority: 35 U.S.C. 102(a), 35 U.S.C. 102(e), and 35 U.S.C. 103. Contains: 2 permissions.

Key Rules

Topic

Prior Art Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2131-2138)

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-715-01-453d7b3ec5a11d2da2fe1914]
Requirement for Pre-AIA Prior Art Evidence
Note:
This rule outlines the requirements for submitting evidence of prior art under pre-AIA provisions, specifically addressing how to overcome rejections under 35 U.S.C. 102(g).

[Editor Note: This MPEP section is not applicable to applications subject to the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA unless being relied upon to overcome a rejection under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(g). See 35 U.S.C. 100 (note) and MPEP § 2159. For a discussion of 37 CFR 1.130, affidavits or declarations of attribution or prior public disclosure in applications subject to the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA, see MPEP § 717. For a discussion of affidavits or declarations under 37 CFR 1.131(c), see MPEP § 718.]

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.130Prior Art Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2131-2138)AIA vs Pre-AIA PracticeAntedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)
Topic

AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-715-01-bbe8dacde181cdc15d30fdcc]
Affidavits Required for Prior Public Disclosures Under AIA
Note:
MPEP §717 outlines the requirement for affidavits or declarations to establish prior public disclosures in applications subject to the first inventor to file provisions of the America Invents Act (AIA).

[Editor Note: This MPEP section is not applicable to applications subject to the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA unless being relied upon to overcome a rejection under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(g). See 35 U.S.C. 100 (note) and MPEP § 2159. For a discussion of 37 CFR 1.130, affidavits or declarations of attribution or prior public disclosure in applications subject to the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA, see MPEP § 717. For a discussion of affidavits or declarations under 37 CFR 1.131(c), see MPEP § 718.]

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.130AIA vs Pre-AIA PracticeAntedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)Prior Art Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2131-2138)
Topic

Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-715-01-6843b22fe1d245c92affd9a7]
Affidavits Under 37 CFR 1.131(c)
Note:
Discusses requirements for affidavits or declarations under 37 CFR 1.131(c), not applicable to first inventor to file provisions of the AIA unless used to overcome pre-AIA 102(g) rejections.

[Editor Note: This MPEP section is not applicable to applications subject to the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA unless being relied upon to overcome a rejection under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(g). See 35 U.S.C. 100 (note) and MPEP § 2159. For a discussion of 37 CFR 1.130, affidavits or declarations of attribution or prior public disclosure in applications subject to the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA, see MPEP § 717. For a discussion of affidavits or declarations under 37 CFR 1.131(c), see MPEP § 718.]

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.130Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)Prior Art Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2131-2138)AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Topic

AIA Effective Dates

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-715-01-751f9ba40a9d63a50c6d11c5]
Affidavit to Prove Prior Invention
Note:
Proves the inventor's prior invention of claimed subject matter before a prior art reference or activity relied upon in rejection.

The purpose of a 37 CFR 1.131(a) affidavit or declaration is to overcome a prior art rejection under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 or 103 by proving invention of the claimed subject matter by the inventor or at least one joint inventor prior to the effective date of the reference or activity relied upon in the rejection.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.131(a)AIA Effective DatesAntedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)Effective Date of Reference
Topic

Assignee as Applicant Signature

1 rules
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-715-01-d1731ee2081629b180190773]
Inventor's Own Invention Can Overcome Prior Art
Note:
An applicant can overcome prior art rejections by proving the subject matter relied upon was invented by the applicant or a joint inventor.

In some situations, an applicant may, alternatively, be able to overcome prior art rejections relying on references or activities which are available as prior art under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) or references which are available as prior art under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) by proving that the subject matter relied upon in the reference or activity was the inventor’s or at least one joint inventor’s own invention.

Jump to MPEP SourceAssignee as Applicant SignatureApplicant and Assignee Filing Under AIAPrior Art Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2131-2138)
Topic

Determining Whether Application Is AIA or Pre-AIA

1 rules
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-715-01-fbb77f3919d378657eebe03b]
Common Ownership Requirement for Pre-AIA Prior Art
Note:
Applicant can overcome a 35 U.S.C. 103 rejection based on pre-AIA prior art by proving common ownership or assignment at the time of invention.

Similarly, where the reference relied upon in a 35 U.S.C. 103 rejection qualifies as prior art only under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(f) or (g), or, in an application filed on or after November 29, 1999, under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e), applicant may be able to overcome this rejection by proving that the subject matter relied upon and the claimed invention were commonly owned or subject to common assignment at the time the later invention was made. See MPEP §§ 2146 through 2146.03.

Jump to MPEP SourceDetermining Whether Application Is AIA or Pre-AIAPre-AIA 102(e) – Earlier US Applications (MPEP 2136)Assignee as Applicant Signature

Citations

Primary topicCitation
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)
Prior Art Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2131-2138)
35 U.S.C. § 100
AIA Effective Dates35 U.S.C. § 102
Assignee as Applicant Signature35 U.S.C. § 102(a)
Assignee as Applicant Signature
Determining Whether Application Is AIA or Pre-AIA
35 U.S.C. § 102(e)
Determining Whether Application Is AIA or Pre-AIA35 U.S.C. § 102(f)
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)
Prior Art Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2131-2138)
35 U.S.C. § 102(g)
Determining Whether Application Is AIA or Pre-AIA35 U.S.C. § 103
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)
Prior Art Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2131-2138)
37 CFR § 1.130
AIA Effective Dates37 CFR § 1.131(a)
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)
Prior Art Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2131-2138)
37 CFR § 1.131(c)
Determining Whether Application Is AIA or Pre-AIAMPEP § 2146
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)
Prior Art Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2131-2138)
MPEP § 2159
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)
Prior Art Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2131-2138)
MPEP § 717
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Antedating Reference – Pre-AIA (MPEP 2136.05)
Prior Art Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 (MPEP 2131-2138)
MPEP § 718

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31