MPEP § 409.03(i) — Rights of the Nonsigning Inventor (Annotated Rules)

§409.03(i) Rights of the Nonsigning Inventor

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 409.03(i), including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Rights of the Nonsigning Inventor

This section addresses Rights of the Nonsigning Inventor. Primary authority: 35 U.S.C. 118, 35 U.S.C. 116, and 37 CFR 1.19. Contains: 2 requirements, 5 permissions, and 1 other statement.

Key Rules

Topic

AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice

5 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-409-03-i-73121f3e4c31034823329907]
Inter Partes Proceedings Not Instituted in Pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 Case
Note:
A nonsigning inventor does not qualify for inter partes proceedings if the case is governed by pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47.

While the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office will grant the nonsigning inventor access to the application, inter partes proceedings will not be instituted in a pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 case. In re Hough, 108 USPQ 89 (Comm'r Pat. 1955). A nonsigning inventor is not entitled to a hearing (Cogar v. Schuyler, 464 F.2d 747, 173 USPQ 389 (D.C. Cir. 1972)), and is not entitled to prosecute the application if status under pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 has been accorded, or if proprietary interest of the pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47(b) applicant has been shown to the satisfaction of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.47AIA vs Pre-AIA PracticeAssignee as Applicant SignatureApplicant and Assignee Filing Under AIA
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-409-03-i-e62ef6246d0c3b20cfb59ead]
Nonsigning Inventor Can Join Pre-AIA Application With Oath
Note:
A nonsigning inventor can join a pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 application by filing an appropriate oath or declaration, but cannot revoke or give power of attorney without the original applicant's agreement.

A nonsigning inventor may join in a pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 application. To join in the application, the nonsigning inventor must file an appropriate pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.63 oath or declaration. Even if the nonsigning inventor joins in the application, he or she cannot revoke or give a power of attorney without agreement of the 37 CFR 1.47 applicant. See MPEP § 402.10.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.47AIA vs Pre-AIA PracticeAIA Oath/Declaration Requirements (37 CFR 1.63)Pre-AIA Oath/Declaration Requirements
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-409-03-i-b34c7db43637255459d0a615]
Nonsigning Inventors Must Receive Patent Under Pre-AIA Rules
Note:
Under pre-AIA rules, nonsigning inventors are guaranteed patent rights if they contribute to the application.

The rights of a nonsigning inventor are protected by the fact that the patent resulting from an application filed under pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47(b) and pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 118 must issue to the inventor, and in an application filed under pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47(a) and 35 U.S.C. 116, the inventor has the same rights that he or she would have if he or she had joined in the application. In re Hough, 108 USPQ 89 (Comm'r Pat. 1955).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.47(b)AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-409-03-i-0ff941d904c5a002c8019127]
Nonsigning Inventor Can File Separate Application for Interference
Note:
A nonsigning inventor who believes they are the sole inventor of an invention in a pre-AIA application may file their own application and request interference with the original application.

If a nonsigning inventor feels that he or she is the sole inventor of an invention claimed in a pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 application naming him or her as a joint inventor, the nonsigning inventor may file his or her own application and request that his or her application be placed in interference with the pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 application. If the claims in both the nonsigning inventor's application and the pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 application are otherwise found allowable, an interference may be declared.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.47AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-409-03-i-9ea3cc15b669208e871abed4]
Interference May Be Declared If Both Applications Are Allowable
Note:
If the claims in both a nonsigning inventor's application and a pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 application are found allowable, an interference may be declared.

If a nonsigning inventor feels that he or she is the sole inventor of an invention claimed in a pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 application naming him or her as a joint inventor, the nonsigning inventor may file his or her own application and request that his or her application be placed in interference with the pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 application. If the claims in both the nonsigning inventor's application and the pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 application are otherwise found allowable, an interference may be declared.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.47AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Topic

Registration Number on Signature

2 rules
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-409-03-i-260dc861b240000bbdba28b7]
Nonsigning Inventor Can Protest Designation
Note:
An inventor who did not sign the application can challenge their designation as an inventor.

The nonsigning inventor (also referred to as an “inventor designee”) may protest his or her designation as an inventor. The nonsigning inventor is entitled to inspect any paper in the application, order copies thereof at the price set forth in 37 CFR 1.19, and make his or her position of record in the file wrapper of the application. Alternatively, the nonsigning inventor may arrange to do any of the preceding through a registered patent attorney or agent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.19Registration Number on SignatureOrdering Certified CopiesCertified Copies of Documents
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-409-03-i-2ff8995cb577a8ed4d8875d4]
Nonsigning Inventor Can Use Patent Attorney
Note:
The nonsigning inventor can have a registered patent attorney handle their rights, such as inspecting application papers and making records in the file wrapper.

The nonsigning inventor (also referred to as an “inventor designee”) may protest his or her designation as an inventor. The nonsigning inventor is entitled to inspect any paper in the application, order copies thereof at the price set forth in 37 CFR 1.19, and make his or her position of record in the file wrapper of the application. Alternatively, the nonsigning inventor may arrange to do any of the preceding through a registered patent attorney or agent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.19Registration Number on SignaturePractitioner Recognition and ConductOrdering Certified Copies
Topic

Assignee as Applicant Signature

2 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-409-03-i-30890af9115300b03e8b1bbf]
Nonsigning Inventor Not Entitled to Hearing or Prosecution
Note:
A nonsigning inventor cannot request a hearing or prosecute an application if the pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 status has been accorded or proprietary interest of the pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47(b) applicant is shown.

While the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office will grant the nonsigning inventor access to the application, inter partes proceedings will not be instituted in a pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 case. In re Hough, 108 USPQ 89 (Comm'r Pat. 1955). A nonsigning inventor is not entitled to a hearing (Cogar v. Schuyler, 464 F.2d 747, 173 USPQ 389 (D.C. Cir. 1972)), and is not entitled to prosecute the application if status under pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 has been accorded, or if proprietary interest of the pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47(b) applicant has been shown to the satisfaction of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.47Assignee as Applicant SignatureApplicant and Assignee Filing Under AIAAIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
StatutoryProhibitedAlways
[mpep-409-03-i-96ee30d7ceabeb33a92ae87a]
Nonsigning Inventor Cannot Give Power of Attorney Without Applicant's Consent
Note:
A nonsigning inventor who joins an application cannot give a power of attorney without the agreement of the 37 CFR 1.47 applicant.

A nonsigning inventor may join in a pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 application. To join in the application, the nonsigning inventor must file an appropriate pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.63 oath or declaration. Even if the nonsigning inventor joins in the application, he or she cannot revoke or give a power of attorney without agreement of the 37 CFR 1.47 applicant. See MPEP § 402.10.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.47Assignee as Applicant SignatureApplicant and Assignee Filing Under AIAPower of Attorney by Assignee
Topic

Ordering Certified Copies

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-409-03-i-62a5e6ccec91206ba87f3c42]
Nonsigning Inventor May Inspect and Copy Application Papers
Note:
The nonsigning inventor can review all application documents, request copies at specified rates, and state their position in the file.

The nonsigning inventor (also referred to as an “inventor designee”) may protest his or her designation as an inventor. The nonsigning inventor is entitled to inspect any paper in the application, order copies thereof at the price set forth in 37 CFR 1.19, and make his or her position of record in the file wrapper of the application. Alternatively, the nonsigning inventor may arrange to do any of the preceding through a registered patent attorney or agent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.19Ordering Certified CopiesCertified Copies of DocumentsRegistration Number on Signature
Topic

AIA Oath/Declaration Requirements (37 CFR 1.63)

1 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-409-03-i-6e1493973504537d33f685b6]
Oath/Declaration Required for Nonsigning Inventor to Join Application
Note:
A nonsigning inventor must file an appropriate pre-AIA oath or declaration to join in the application, even if joining does not allow revocation or granting of power of attorney without agreement from the original applicant.

A nonsigning inventor may join in a pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.47 application. To join in the application, the nonsigning inventor must file an appropriate pre-AIA 37 CFR 1.63 oath or declaration. Even if the nonsigning inventor joins in the application, he or she cannot revoke or give a power of attorney without agreement of the 37 CFR 1.47 applicant. See MPEP § 402.10.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.47AIA Oath/Declaration Requirements (37 CFR 1.63)Pre-AIA Oath/Declaration RequirementsInventor's Oath/Declaration Requirements

Citations

Primary topicCitation
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice35 U.S.C. § 116
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice35 U.S.C. § 118
Ordering Certified Copies
Registration Number on Signature
37 CFR § 1.19
AIA Oath/Declaration Requirements (37 CFR 1.63)
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Assignee as Applicant Signature
37 CFR § 1.47
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice37 CFR § 1.47(a)
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Assignee as Applicant Signature
37 CFR § 1.47(b)
AIA Oath/Declaration Requirements (37 CFR 1.63)
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Assignee as Applicant Signature
37 CFR § 1.63
AIA Oath/Declaration Requirements (37 CFR 1.63)
AIA vs Pre-AIA Practice
Assignee as Applicant Signature
MPEP § 402.10

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31