MPEP § 2412.03(e) — “Modified Nucleotide” (Annotated Rules)

§2412.03(e) “Modified Nucleotide”

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 2412.03(e), including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

“Modified Nucleotide”

This section addresses “Modified Nucleotide”. Primary authority: 37 CFR 1.831(b). Contains: 1 permission and 1 other statement.

Key Rules

Topic

Sequence Listing Content

2 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2412-03-e-c0d49fa06988336255bedc33]
Disclosure of Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences Required
Note:
This rule requires that all applications filed on or after July 1, 2022, disclose one or more nucleotide and/or amino acid sequences as defined in 37 CFR 1.831(b).

[Editor Note: This section is applicable to all applications with a filing date, or, for national phase applications, an international filing date, on or after July 1, 2022, having disclosure of one or more nucleotide and/or amino acid sequences as defined in 37 CFR 1.831(b). Formatting representations of XML (eXtensible Markup Language) elements in this section appear different than shown in Standard ST.26, which may be accessed at: www.wipo.int /export/sites/www/ standards/en/pdf/03-26-01.pdf.]

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.831(b)Sequence Listing ContentSequence Listing RequirementsSequence Listing Format
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2412-03-e-f49910ebd8b6732b4715ff6c]
Modified Nucleotides Excluding Specific Phosphates
Note:
This rule defines a modified nucleotide as any nucleotide except for specific monophosphates, ensuring sequence listings exclude these particular molecules.

WIPO Standard ST.26, paragraph 3(f), provides that a “modified nucleotide” means any “nucleotide” as explained in MPEP § 2412.03(d) other than deoxyadenosine 3’-monophosphate, deoxyguanosine 3’-monophosphate, deoxycytidine 3’-monophosphate, deoxythymidine 3’-monophosphate, adenosine 3’-monophosphate, guanosine 3’-monophosphate, cytidine 3’-monophosphate, or uridine 3’-monophosphate.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.831Sequence Listing ContentSequence Listing FormatSequence Listing Requirements
Topic

Sequence Listing Format

1 rules
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2412-03-e-225908c4ab9b4446b0bafd36]
XML Elements Must Follow Specific Format
Note:
The rule requires that XML elements in sequence listings be formatted according to the specific requirements outlined in Standard ST.26, as detailed at www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/standards/en/pdf/03-26-01.pdf.

[Editor Note: This section is applicable to all applications with a filing date, or, for national phase applications, an international filing date, on or after July 1, 2022, having disclosure of one or more nucleotide and/or amino acid sequences as defined in 37 CFR 1.831(b). Formatting representations of XML (eXtensible Markup Language) elements in this section appear different than shown in Standard ST.26, which may be accessed at: www.wipo.int /export/sites/www/ standards/en/pdf/03-26-01.pdf.]

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.831(b)Sequence Listing FormatSequence Listing ContentSequence Listing Requirements

Citations

Primary topicCitation
Sequence Listing Content
Sequence Listing Format
37 CFR § 1.831(b)
Sequence Listing ContentMPEP § 2412.03(d)

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31