MPEP § 2412.01 — Overview of the Sequence Rules (Annotated Rules)

§2412.01 Overview of the Sequence Rules

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 2412.01, including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Overview of the Sequence Rules

This section addresses Overview of the Sequence Rules. Primary authority: 37 CFR 1.831 and 37 CFR 1.831(a). Contains: 2 requirements.

Key Rules

Topic

Sequence Listing Content

2 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2412-01-32a024149f7c1ce148a6393b]
Requirement for Sequence Disclosure After July 1, 2022
Note:
All applications filed on or after July 1, 2022, must include disclosure of one or more nucleotide and/or amino acid sequences as defined in 37 CFR 1.831(b).

[Editor Note: This section is applicable to all applications with a filing date, or, for national phase applications, an international filing date, on or after July 1, 2022, having disclosure of one or more nucleotide and/or amino acid sequences as defined in 37 CFR 1.831(b).]

37 CFR 1.77 · 37 CFR 1.831(b)Sequence Listing ContentSequence Listing RequirementsSequence Listing Format
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2412-01-c320923aa1734a152a2c725a]
Sequence Listing Must Be In XML Format
Note:
For applications filed on or after July 1, 2022, any nucleotide and amino acid sequences must be disclosed in a sequence listing in XML format conforming to the requirements of 37 CFR 1.831 – 1.834.

Under the sequence listing rules, 37 CFR 1.831 – 1.834, an application having a filing date on or after July 1, 2022, that discloses one or more nucleotide and/or amino acid sequences by enumeration of its residues, as defined in 37 CFR 1.831(a), must contain, as a part of the description, a sequence listing in eXtensible Markup Language (XML) format, where the XML file of the sequence information conforms to the requirements of 37 CFR 1.831 – 1.834, which specify requirements of particular paragraphs of WIPO Standard ST.26. For U.S. applications, the sequence rules do not require that all sequences and associated sequence information contained in the required sequence listing part of the description be disclosed elsewhere in the application; the content of a sequence listing is considered part of the disclosure of the invention. However, for international applications, all sequences and associated sequence information contained in the required sequence listing part of the description is considered an application part if present on the filing date without an incorporation by reference.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.831Sequence Listing ContentSequence Listing FormatSequence Listing Requirements
Topic

Sequence Listing Format

1 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2412-01-db3b576860f80f80f618c01e]
Sequence Listing Part of Description for U.S. Applications
Note:
For U.S. applications, the content of a sequence listing is considered part of the disclosure of the invention and does not need to be disclosed elsewhere in the application.

Under the sequence listing rules, 37 CFR 1.831 – 1.834, an application having a filing date on or after July 1, 2022, that discloses one or more nucleotide and/or amino acid sequences by enumeration of its residues, as defined in 37 CFR 1.831(a), must contain, as a part of the description, a sequence listing in eXtensible Markup Language (XML) format, where the XML file of the sequence information conforms to the requirements of 37 CFR 1.831 – 1.834, which specify requirements of particular paragraphs of WIPO Standard ST.26. For U.S. applications, the sequence rules do not require that all sequences and associated sequence information contained in the required sequence listing part of the description be disclosed elsewhere in the application; the content of a sequence listing is considered part of the disclosure of the invention. However, for international applications, all sequences and associated sequence information contained in the required sequence listing part of the description is considered an application part if present on the filing date without an incorporation by reference.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.831Sequence Listing FormatSequence Listing RequirementsSequence Listing Content

Citations

Primary topicCitation
Sequence Listing Content
Sequence Listing Format
37 CFR § 1.831
Sequence Listing Content
Sequence Listing Format
37 CFR § 1.831(a)
Sequence Listing Content37 CFR § 1.831(b)

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31