MPEP § 2256 — Prior Art Patents and Printed Publications Reviewed by Examiner in Reexamination (Annotated Rules)

§2256 Prior Art Patents and Printed Publications Reviewed by Examiner in Reexamination

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 2256, including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Prior Art Patents and Printed Publications Reviewed by Examiner in Reexamination

This section addresses Prior Art Patents and Printed Publications Reviewed by Examiner in Reexamination. Primary authority: 35 U.S.C. 120, 35 U.S.C. 305, and 37 CFR 1.98(a)(2). Contains: 3 requirements and 4 other statements.

Key Rules

Topic

Notice of Intent to Issue Reexamination Certificate (NIRC)

2 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2256-a481a2e0a505c2ee354b5718]
Reexamination Certificate Publication After NIRC
Note:
When the patent owner submits additional prior art after the NIRC has been mailed, the reexamination proceeding enters the publication process for printing the reexamination certificate.

Once the NIRC has been mailed, the reexamination proceeding is forwarded for publication of the reexamination certificate. Thus, when the patent owner provides a submission of patents and printed publications or other information described in 37 CFR 1.98(a) after the NIRC has been mailed, the proceeding has entered the publication process for printing the reexamination certificate. To automatically delay prosecution by pulling the proceeding from that process when such a submission has been filed, without more, would be contrary to the Office’s statutory mandate for “special dispatch”, as set forth in 35 U.S.C. 305.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.98(a)Notice of Intent to Issue Reexamination Certificate (NIRC)Reexamination CertificateConclusion of Ex Parte Reexamination
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2256-eecd663d29bec6c0d41cf1d9]
Submission of Art After NIRC Requires Unpatentability Statement and Amendment
Note:
Patent owners must submit an unequivocal statement, amendment, and explanation when submitting art after Notice of Intent to Issue Reexamination Certificate.

These requirements are similar to the requirements to withdraw an application from issue as set forth in 37 CFR 1.313(c)(1). The printing cycle for an application occurs after the payment of the issue fee (there is no issue fee in reexamination), and thus, in order to withdraw an application from issue after payment of the issue fee, the requirements of 37 CFR 1.313(c) must be met. Based on the statutory requirement for “special dispatch,” the requirements for withdrawal of a reexamination proceeding from issue, i.e., its printing cycle, after NIRC are at least as burdensome as those set forth in 37 CFR 1.313(b) and (c). Accordingly, where a submission of patents and printed publications or other information described in 37 CFR 1.98(a) is made after NIRC, the patent owner must provide an unequivocal statement as to why the art submitted makes at least one claim unpatentable, an amendment to such claim or claims, and an explanation as to how the amendment causes such claim or claims to be patentable. This is in addition to the above-discussed factual accounting providing a sufficient explanation of why the information submitted could not have been submitted earlier (see item (A) above).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.313(c)(1)Notice of Intent to Issue Reexamination Certificate (NIRC)Withdrawal by USPTO InitiativeConclusion of Ex Parte Reexamination
Topic

Processing Fees

2 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2256-ce1cce7a5ee67f85ace03beb]
Petition for Post NIRC Information Entry
Note:
A petition must be submitted under 37 CFR 1.182, including a factual accounting, unpatentable claims statement, and amended claims to comply with the Office's statutory mandate.

For this reason, the submission must be accompanied by (A) a factual accounting providing a sufficient explanation of why the information submitted could not have been submitted earlier, (B) an unequivocal statement that one or more claims are unpatentable, and (C) an amendment to such claim or claims, and an explanation as to how the amendment causes such claim or claims to be patentable. This must be provided via a petition under 37 CFR 1.182 (with the petition fee) for entry and consideration of the information submitted after NIRC. These requirements are necessary to provide a basis for interrupting the proceeding after NIRC, in order for the Office to comply with its statutory mandate for “special dispatch”.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.182Processing FeesFee RequirementsPetition Not Otherwise Provided For (37 CFR 1.182)
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2256-baebcae47c14cc96792ce756]
Petition for Special Dispatch After NIRC
Note:
The submission must include a factual accounting, unpatentable claim statement, and amendment to comply with the Office's statutory mandate for special dispatch after NIRC.

For this reason, the submission must be accompanied by (A) a factual accounting providing a sufficient explanation of why the information submitted could not have been submitted earlier, (B) an unequivocal statement that one or more claims are unpatentable, and (C) an amendment to such claim or claims, and an explanation as to how the amendment causes such claim or claims to be patentable. This must be provided via a petition under 37 CFR 1.182 (with the petition fee) for entry and consideration of the information submitted after NIRC. These requirements are necessary to provide a basis for interrupting the proceeding after NIRC, in order for the Office to comply with its statutory mandate for “special dispatch”.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.182Processing FeesFee RequirementsPetition Not Otherwise Provided For (37 CFR 1.182)
Topic

Petition to Withdraw from Issue

2 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2256-735c6ecde2c4e3a9e662b311]
Requirements for Withdrawing Application After Issue Fee Payment
Note:
The patent owner must meet specific requirements, including providing an unequivocal statement and amendment, to withdraw an application after the issue fee has been paid.

These requirements are similar to the requirements to withdraw an application from issue as set forth in 37 CFR 1.313(c)(1). The printing cycle for an application occurs after the payment of the issue fee (there is no issue fee in reexamination), and thus, in order to withdraw an application from issue after payment of the issue fee, the requirements of 37 CFR 1.313(c) must be met. Based on the statutory requirement for “special dispatch,” the requirements for withdrawal of a reexamination proceeding from issue, i.e., its printing cycle, after NIRC are at least as burdensome as those set forth in 37 CFR 1.313(b) and (c). Accordingly, where a submission of patents and printed publications or other information described in 37 CFR 1.98(a) is made after NIRC, the patent owner must provide an unequivocal statement as to why the art submitted makes at least one claim unpatentable, an amendment to such claim or claims, and an explanation as to how the amendment causes such claim or claims to be patentable. This is in addition to the above-discussed factual accounting providing a sufficient explanation of why the information submitted could not have been submitted earlier (see item (A) above).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.313(c)(1)Petition to Withdraw from IssueGrounds for Withdrawal PetitionNotice of Intent to Issue Reexamination Certificate (NIRC)
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2256-1b02edfd52b35bb297f8a762]
Requirements to Withdraw Application After Payment of Issue Fee
Note:
To withdraw an application from issue after paying the issue fee, specific requirements under 37 CFR 1.313(c) must be met.

These requirements are similar to the requirements to withdraw an application from issue as set forth in 37 CFR 1.313(c)(1). The printing cycle for an application occurs after the payment of the issue fee (there is no issue fee in reexamination), and thus, in order to withdraw an application from issue after payment of the issue fee, the requirements of 37 CFR 1.313(c) must be met. Based on the statutory requirement for “special dispatch,” the requirements for withdrawal of a reexamination proceeding from issue, i.e., its printing cycle, after NIRC are at least as burdensome as those set forth in 37 CFR 1.313(b) and (c). Accordingly, where a submission of patents and printed publications or other information described in 37 CFR 1.98(a) is made after NIRC, the patent owner must provide an unequivocal statement as to why the art submitted makes at least one claim unpatentable, an amendment to such claim or claims, and an explanation as to how the amendment causes such claim or claims to be patentable. This is in addition to the above-discussed factual accounting providing a sufficient explanation of why the information submitted could not have been submitted earlier (see item (A) above).

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.313(c)(1)Petition to Withdraw from IssueReexamination OrderIssue Fees
Topic

Domestic Benefit Claims (35 U.S.C. 120/121)

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2256-aef1e2bd8d636d1625e7f377]
Reexamination Does Not Get 120 Benefit
Note:
A reexamination proceeding does not receive the benefit of 35 U.S.C. 120 from a patent, thus requiring reference copies as per 37 CFR 1.98(d)(1) must be provided.

The exception to the requirement for reference copies in 37 CFR 1.98(d)(1) does not apply to reexamination proceedings since a reexamination proceeding does not receive 35 U.S.C. 120 benefit from the patent.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.98(d)(1)Domestic Benefit Claims (35 U.S.C. 120/121)Ex Parte ReexaminationPriority and Benefit Claims
Topic

Ex Parte Reexamination

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2256-5203995a881f21c1a09fe070]
Publication Process Not Delayed Without More
Note:
The reexamination proceeding cannot be automatically delayed by pulling it from the publication process for printing the reexamination certificate when a submission has been filed, without additional requirements.

Once the NIRC has been mailed, the reexamination proceeding is forwarded for publication of the reexamination certificate. Thus, when the patent owner provides a submission of patents and printed publications or other information described in 37 CFR 1.98(a) after the NIRC has been mailed, the proceeding has entered the publication process for printing the reexamination certificate. To automatically delay prosecution by pulling the proceeding from that process when such a submission has been filed, without more, would be contrary to the Office’s statutory mandate for “special dispatch”, as set forth in 35 U.S.C. 305.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.98(a)Ex Parte ReexaminationNotice of Intent to Issue Reexamination Certificate (NIRC)Reexamination Certificate
Topic

Third Party Requester

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2256-458dc440dfde001bdb489477]
Third Party Submissions Not Considered Unless Part of Request
Note:
Submissions by third parties in reexamination proceedings will not be considered unless they are part of the initial request for reexamination or a subsequent reply under 37 CFR 1.535.

No consideration will be given to a third party requester submission of patents and printed publications, or other information, that is filed in the reexamination proceeding unless it is part of the request for reexamination or the requester’s reply under 37 CFR 1.535. See 37 CFR 1.540.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.535Third Party RequesterGrounds for ReexaminationThird Party Requester Rights
Topic

Examiner Consideration of IDS

1 rules
MPEP GuidanceRequiredAlways
[mpep-2256-3df2e55bcdd68d681dc3d4bf]
Examiner Must Consider Specific Patents and Publications
Note:
The examiner must consider patents and printed publications from various sources including those cited by other requesters, the patent owner, or discovered during examination.
Subject to the discussion provided below in this section, the examiner must also consider patents and printed publications:
  • (A) cited by another reexamination requester under 37 CFR 1.510 or 37 CFR 1.915;
  • (B) cited in a patent owner’s statement under 37 CFR 1.530 or a requester’s reply under 37 CFR 1.535 if they comply with 37 CFR 1.98;
  • (C) cited by the patent owner under a duty of disclosure (37 CFR 1.555) in compliance with 37 CFR 1.98;
  • (D) discovered by the examiner in searching;
  • (E) of record in the patent file from earlier examination; and
  • (F) of record in the patent file from any 37 CFR 1.501 submission prior to date of an order if it complies with 37 CFR 1.98.
Jump to MPEP SourceExaminer Consideration of IDSRequest Content RequirementsIDS Fees and Certification

Citations

Primary topicCitation
Domestic Benefit Claims (35 U.S.C. 120/121)35 U.S.C. § 120
Ex Parte Reexamination
Notice of Intent to Issue Reexamination Certificate (NIRC)
35 U.S.C. § 305
Processing Fees37 CFR § 1.182
Notice of Intent to Issue Reexamination Certificate (NIRC)
Petition to Withdraw from Issue
37 CFR § 1.313(b)
Notice of Intent to Issue Reexamination Certificate (NIRC)
Petition to Withdraw from Issue
37 CFR § 1.313(c)
Notice of Intent to Issue Reexamination Certificate (NIRC)
Petition to Withdraw from Issue
37 CFR § 1.313(c)(1)
Examiner Consideration of IDS37 CFR § 1.501
Examiner Consideration of IDS37 CFR § 1.510
Examiner Consideration of IDS37 CFR § 1.530
Examiner Consideration of IDS
Third Party Requester
37 CFR § 1.535
Third Party Requester37 CFR § 1.540
Examiner Consideration of IDS37 CFR § 1.555
Examiner Consideration of IDS37 CFR § 1.915
Examiner Consideration of IDS37 CFR § 1.98
Ex Parte Reexamination
Notice of Intent to Issue Reexamination Certificate (NIRC)
Petition to Withdraw from Issue
37 CFR § 1.98(a)
37 CFR § 1.98(a)(2)
Domestic Benefit Claims (35 U.S.C. 120/121)37 CFR § 1.98(d)(1)

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31