MPEP § 2216 — Substantial New Question of Patentability (Annotated Rules)

§2216 Substantial New Question of Patentability

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 2216, including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Substantial New Question of Patentability

This section addresses Substantial New Question of Patentability. Primary authority: 35 U.S.C. 304, 35 U.S.C. 302, and 35 U.S.C. 303(a). Contains: 3 requirements, 1 guidance statement, 4 permissions, and 6 other statements.

Key Rules

Topic

Request Content Requirements

9 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2216-549d8cf7fccdef028cde4849]
Requirement for Substantial New Question of Patentability in Ex Parte Reexamination Request
Note:
The Office must determine if a new question of patentability affecting any claim has been raised, requiring the request to clearly state how it differs from previous examination.

Under 35 U.S.C. 304, the Office must determine whether “a substantial new question of patentability” affecting any claim of the patent has been raised. 37 CFR 1.510(b)(1) requires that a request for ex parte reexamination include “a statement pointing out each substantial new question of patentability based on prior patents and printed publications.” If such a new question is found, an order for ex parte reexamination of the patent is issued. It is therefore important that the request clearly set forth in detail what the requester considers the “substantial new question of patentability” to be in view of patents and printed publications cited under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 302. The request must point out how any questions of patentability raised are substantially different from those raised in the previous examination of the patent before the Office.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.510(b)(1)Request Content RequirementsSNQ CriteriaReexamination Order
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2216-f2833d55061228a9e717a881]
Request Must Include Substantial New Question of Patentability
Note:
A request for ex parte reexamination must include a statement identifying each new question regarding patentability based on prior patents and publications.

Under 35 U.S.C. 304, the Office must determine whether “a substantial new question of patentability” affecting any claim of the patent has been raised. 37 CFR 1.510(b)(1) requires that a request for ex parte reexamination include “a statement pointing out each substantial new question of patentability based on prior patents and printed publications.” If such a new question is found, an order for ex parte reexamination of the patent is issued. It is therefore important that the request clearly set forth in detail what the requester considers the “substantial new question of patentability” to be in view of patents and printed publications cited under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 302. The request must point out how any questions of patentability raised are substantially different from those raised in the previous examination of the patent before the Office.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.510(b)(1)Request Content RequirementsSNQ CriteriaEx Parte Reexamination Request
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2216-170e42690d47fd97d61d31c8]
Request Must Distinguish Previous Examination
Note:
The request must clearly identify how new questions of patentability differ from those previously raised during examination.

Under 35 U.S.C. 304, the Office must determine whether “a substantial new question of patentability” affecting any claim of the patent has been raised. 37 CFR 1.510(b)(1) requires that a request for ex parte reexamination include “a statement pointing out each substantial new question of patentability based on prior patents and printed publications.” If such a new question is found, an order for ex parte reexamination of the patent is issued. It is therefore important that the request clearly set forth in detail what the requester considers the “substantial new question of patentability” to be in view of patents and printed publications cited under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 302. The request must point out how any questions of patentability raised are substantially different from those raised in the previous examination of the patent before the Office.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.510(b)(1)Request Content RequirementsSubstantial New Question of PatentabilityStatutory Authority for Examination
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-2216-25b4186f51e658e4e51a48d2]
Requirement for New Non-Cumulative Technological Teaching
Note:
A request for reexamination must demonstrate that a new, non-cumulative technological teaching from a patent or printed publication was not previously considered during the application's prosecution.

For requests filed under 35 U.S.C. 302, it is not sufficient that a request for reexamination merely proposes one or more rejections of a patent claim or claims as a basis for reexamination. It must first be demonstrated that a patent or printed publication that is relied upon in a proposed rejection presents a new, non-cumulative technological teaching that was not previously considered and discussed on the record during the prosecution of the application that resulted in the patent for which reexamination is requested, and during the prosecution of any other prior proceeding involving the patent for which reexamination is requested. See also MPEP § 2242.

Jump to MPEP SourceRequest Content RequirementsPrior Consideration of ArtEx Parte Reexamination Request
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2216-a99eb27bf9d0122d52424790]
Requirement for Substantial New Question of Patentability
Note:
The rule requires that a reexamination request must present a new and substantial question regarding the patentability of claims, even if based on previously considered art.

The legal standard for ordering ex parte reexamination, as set forth in 35 U.S.C. 303(a), requires a substantial new question of patentability. The substantial new question of patentability may be based on art previously considered by the Office if the reference is presented in a new light or a different way that escaped review during earlier examination. The clarification of the legal standard for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 in KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc. (KSR), 550 U.S. 398, 82 USPQ2d 1385 (2007) does not alter the legal standard for determining whether a substantial new question of patentability exists. The requirement for a substantial new question of patentability remains in place even if it is clear from the record of a patent for which reexamination is requested that the patent was granted because the Office did not show “motivation” to combine, or otherwise satisfy the teaching, suggestion, or motivation (TSM) test. Thus, a reexamination request relying on previously applied prior art that asks the Office to look at the art again based solely on the Supreme Court’s clarification of the legal standard for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 in KSR, without presenting the art in new light or different way, will not raise a substantial new question of patentability as to the patent claims, and reexamination will not be ordered.

Jump to MPEP SourceRequest Content RequirementsSNQ CriteriaSubstantial New Question of Patentability
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2216-8e8b6c08e487299e9f1c3f1c]
Previously Considered Art Presented Differently Raises Substantial New Question of Patentability
Note:
A substantial new question of patentability can be based on previously considered art if it is presented in a new light or different way that escaped review during earlier examination.

The legal standard for ordering ex parte reexamination, as set forth in 35 U.S.C. 303(a), requires a substantial new question of patentability. The substantial new question of patentability may be based on art previously considered by the Office if the reference is presented in a new light or a different way that escaped review during earlier examination. The clarification of the legal standard for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 in KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc. (KSR), 550 U.S. 398, 82 USPQ2d 1385 (2007) does not alter the legal standard for determining whether a substantial new question of patentability exists. The requirement for a substantial new question of patentability remains in place even if it is clear from the record of a patent for which reexamination is requested that the patent was granted because the Office did not show “motivation” to combine, or otherwise satisfy the teaching, suggestion, or motivation (TSM) test. Thus, a reexamination request relying on previously applied prior art that asks the Office to look at the art again based solely on the Supreme Court’s clarification of the legal standard for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 in KSR, without presenting the art in new light or different way, will not raise a substantial new question of patentability as to the patent claims, and reexamination will not be ordered.

Jump to MPEP SourceRequest Content RequirementsSNQ CriteriaPrior Consideration of Art
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2216-cbdcbc860cf5c7b3b7a50e11]
Requirement for Substantial New Question of Patentability in Reexamination
Note:
The rule requires that a reexamination request must present art in a new light or different way to raise a substantial new question of patentability, not just rely on the KSR clarification of obviousness.

The legal standard for ordering ex parte reexamination, as set forth in 35 U.S.C. 303(a), requires a substantial new question of patentability. The substantial new question of patentability may be based on art previously considered by the Office if the reference is presented in a new light or a different way that escaped review during earlier examination. The clarification of the legal standard for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 in KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc. (KSR), 550 U.S. 398, 82 USPQ2d 1385 (2007) does not alter the legal standard for determining whether a substantial new question of patentability exists. The requirement for a substantial new question of patentability remains in place even if it is clear from the record of a patent for which reexamination is requested that the patent was granted because the Office did not show “motivation” to combine, or otherwise satisfy the teaching, suggestion, or motivation (TSM) test. Thus, a reexamination request relying on previously applied prior art that asks the Office to look at the art again based solely on the Supreme Court’s clarification of the legal standard for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 in KSR, without presenting the art in new light or different way, will not raise a substantial new question of patentability as to the patent claims, and reexamination will not be ordered.

Jump to MPEP SourceRequest Content RequirementsSNQ CriteriaSubstantial New Question of Patentability
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2216-2035c1bc4215ef08df63cf1f]
Reexamination Request Must Present Art in New Light
Note:
A reexamination request must present prior art in a new light or differently to raise a substantial new question of patentability; relying solely on KSR for legal standard clarification without presenting the art anew will not suffice.

The legal standard for ordering ex parte reexamination, as set forth in 35 U.S.C. 303(a), requires a substantial new question of patentability. The substantial new question of patentability may be based on art previously considered by the Office if the reference is presented in a new light or a different way that escaped review during earlier examination. The clarification of the legal standard for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 in KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc. (KSR), 550 U.S. 398, 82 USPQ2d 1385 (2007) does not alter the legal standard for determining whether a substantial new question of patentability exists. The requirement for a substantial new question of patentability remains in place even if it is clear from the record of a patent for which reexamination is requested that the patent was granted because the Office did not show “motivation” to combine, or otherwise satisfy the teaching, suggestion, or motivation (TSM) test. Thus, a reexamination request relying on previously applied prior art that asks the Office to look at the art again based solely on the Supreme Court’s clarification of the legal standard for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 in KSR, without presenting the art in new light or different way, will not raise a substantial new question of patentability as to the patent claims, and reexamination will not be ordered.

Jump to MPEP SourceRequest Content RequirementsSNQ CriteriaDenial – No SNQ Raised
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-2216-33429de7668e094f73a5e423]
Request Content Must Exclude Non-Prior Art Rejections
Note:
The request for reexamination must not include grounds of rejection based on public use, on sale, or conduct by parties; these will not be considered.

Questions relating to grounds of rejection other than those based on prior art patents or printed publications should not be included in a request filed under 35 U.S.C. 302 and will not be considered by the examiner if included. Examples of such questions that will not be considered are public use, on sale, and conduct by parties.

Jump to MPEP SourceRequest Content RequirementsPrior Consideration of ArtEx Parte Reexamination Request
Topic

SNQ Criteria

4 rules
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2216-82c715e7f7f83680b663179f]
Substantial New Question Based on Old Art
Note:
Permits raising a new question of patentability based on previously considered references viewed in a new light, under KSR rationales.

After the enactment of the Patent and Trademark Office Authorization Act of 2002 (“the 2002 Act”), a substantial new question of patentability can be raised by patents and printed publications “previously cited by or to the Office or considered by the Office” (“old art”). The 2002 Act did not negate the statutory requirement for a substantial new question of patentability that requires raising new questions about pre-existing technology. In the implementation of the 2002 Act, MPEP § 2242, subsection II.A. was revised. The revision permits raising a substantial new question of patentability based solely on old art, but only if the old art is “presented/viewed in a new light, or in a different way, as compared with its use in the earlier examination(s), in view of a material new argument or interpretation presented in the request.” Thus, a request may properly raise a substantial new question of patentability by raising a material new analysis of previously considered reference(s) under the rationales authorized by KSR.

Jump to MPEP SourceSNQ CriteriaSubstantial New Question of PatentabilityEx Parte Reexamination
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2216-c76acd12dca1f5daeb1ca115]
Substantial New Question Based on Old Art
Note:
Permits raising a substantial new question of patentability based on previously considered references if viewed in a new light or with a material new argument.

After the enactment of the Patent and Trademark Office Authorization Act of 2002 (“the 2002 Act”), a substantial new question of patentability can be raised by patents and printed publications “previously cited by or to the Office or considered by the Office” (“old art”). The 2002 Act did not negate the statutory requirement for a substantial new question of patentability that requires raising new questions about pre-existing technology. In the implementation of the 2002 Act, MPEP § 2242, subsection II.A. was revised. The revision permits raising a substantial new question of patentability based solely on old art, but only if the old art is “presented/viewed in a new light, or in a different way, as compared with its use in the earlier examination(s), in view of a material new argument or interpretation presented in the request.” Thus, a request may properly raise a substantial new question of patentability by raising a material new analysis of previously considered reference(s) under the rationales authorized by KSR.

Jump to MPEP SourceSNQ CriteriaSubstantial New Question of PatentabilityEx Parte Reexamination
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2216-65b2c81a4cdb29fbfb01f356]
Substantial New Question Based on Old Art
Note:
Permits raising a new question of patentability based on previously considered references if analyzed in a new light with a material new argument.

After the enactment of the Patent and Trademark Office Authorization Act of 2002 (“the 2002 Act”), a substantial new question of patentability can be raised by patents and printed publications “previously cited by or to the Office or considered by the Office” (“old art”). The 2002 Act did not negate the statutory requirement for a substantial new question of patentability that requires raising new questions about pre-existing technology. In the implementation of the 2002 Act, MPEP § 2242, subsection II.A. was revised. The revision permits raising a substantial new question of patentability based solely on old art, but only if the old art is “presented/viewed in a new light, or in a different way, as compared with its use in the earlier examination(s), in view of a material new argument or interpretation presented in the request.” Thus, a request may properly raise a substantial new question of patentability by raising a material new analysis of previously considered reference(s) under the rationales authorized by KSR.

Jump to MPEP SourceSNQ CriteriaPrior Consideration of ArtSubstantial New Question of Patentability
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2216-d0595925f2978aa38de94c78]
Substantial New Question of Patentability Based on Old Art in a New Light
Note:
A request may raise a substantial new question of patentability by presenting old art in a different way, with a material new argument or interpretation.

After the enactment of the Patent and Trademark Office Authorization Act of 2002 (“the 2002 Act”), a substantial new question of patentability can be raised by patents and printed publications “previously cited by or to the Office or considered by the Office” (“old art”). The 2002 Act did not negate the statutory requirement for a substantial new question of patentability that requires raising new questions about pre-existing technology. In the implementation of the 2002 Act, MPEP § 2242, subsection II.A. was revised. The revision permits raising a substantial new question of patentability based solely on old art, but only if the old art is “presented/viewed in a new light, or in a different way, as compared with its use in the earlier examination(s), in view of a material new argument or interpretation presented in the request.” Thus, a request may properly raise a substantial new question of patentability by raising a material new analysis of previously considered reference(s) under the rationales authorized by KSR.

Jump to MPEP SourceSNQ CriteriaPrior Consideration of ArtSubstantial New Question of Patentability
Topic

Third Party Requester

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2216-74f79c943c88a2356b1757ab]
Request Must Clearly State Substantial New Question of Patentability
Note:
The request for ex parte reexamination must clearly detail the new question of patentability based on cited prior art.

Under 35 U.S.C. 304, the Office must determine whether “a substantial new question of patentability” affecting any claim of the patent has been raised. 37 CFR 1.510(b)(1) requires that a request for ex parte reexamination include “a statement pointing out each substantial new question of patentability based on prior patents and printed publications.” If such a new question is found, an order for ex parte reexamination of the patent is issued. It is therefore important that the request clearly set forth in detail what the requester considers the “substantial new question of patentability” to be in view of patents and printed publications cited under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 302. The request must point out how any questions of patentability raised are substantially different from those raised in the previous examination of the patent before the Office.

Jump to MPEP Source · 37 CFR 1.510(b)(1)Third Party RequesterRequest Content RequirementsSNQ Criteria
Topic

Prior Consideration of Art

1 rules
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2216-b7be5261278de8c63de2310f]
Detail Explanation of Prior Art Allowed in Reexamination
Note:
Affidavits or declarations detailing prior art patents or publications may be considered during reexamination.

Affidavits or declarations or other written evidence which explain the contents or pertinent dates of prior art patents or printed publications in more detail may be considered in reexamination. See MPEP § 2258.

Jump to MPEP SourcePrior Consideration of ArtSNQ CriteriaSubstantial New Question of Patentability

Citations

Primary topicCitation
Request Content Requirements35 U.S.C. § 103
Request Content Requirements
Third Party Requester
35 U.S.C. § 302
Request Content Requirements35 U.S.C. § 303(a)
Request Content Requirements
Third Party Requester
35 U.S.C. § 304
Request Content Requirements
Third Party Requester
37 CFR § 1.510(b)(1)
Request Content Requirements
SNQ Criteria
MPEP § 2242
Prior Consideration of ArtMPEP § 2258

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31