MPEP § 2173.05(v) — Mere Function of Machine (Annotated Rules)

§2173.05(v) Mere Function of Machine

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 2173.05(v), including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Mere Function of Machine

This section addresses Mere Function of Machine. Primary authority: 35 U.S.C. 112(b) and 35 U.S.C. 112. Contains: 1 guidance statement and 2 other statements.

Key Rules

Topic

Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2173-05-v-7cc873bb3d35f73e4196bdd1]
Process Claims Not Rejected on Inherent Function
Note:
Process claims are not rejected by examiners solely because they define the inherent function of a disclosed machine or apparatus.

Process or method claims are not subject to rejection by U.S. Patent and Trademark Office examiners under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, solely on the ground that they define the inherent function of a disclosed machine or apparatus. In re Tarczy-Hornoch, 397 F.2d 856, 158 USPQ 141 (CCPA 1968). The court in Tarczy-Hornoch held that a process claim, otherwise patentable, should not be rejected merely because the application of which it is a part discloses an apparatus which will inherently carry out the recited steps.

Jump to MPEP SourceAlternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))Trademarks in Claims (MPEP 2173.05(u))
Topic

35 U.S.C. 112(b) – Definiteness (MPEP 2171-2173)

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2173-05-v-364a101d800f32ba00ed1d0a]
Process Claims Not Rejected Solely on Inherent Function
Note:
A process claim is not rejected solely because the application discloses an apparatus that inherently carries out the recited steps.

Process or method claims are not subject to rejection by U.S. Patent and Trademark Office examiners under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, solely on the ground that they define the inherent function of a disclosed machine or apparatus. In re Tarczy-Hornoch, 397 F.2d 856, 158 USPQ 141 (CCPA 1968). The court in Tarczy-Hornoch held that a process claim, otherwise patentable, should not be rejected merely because the application of which it is a part discloses an apparatus which will inherently carry out the recited steps.

Jump to MPEP Source35 U.S.C. 112(b) – Definiteness (MPEP 2171-2173)Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))
Topic

Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))

1 rules
StatutoryRecommendedAlways
[mpep-2173-05-v-e5b4ef419f74a4199f57790c]
Process Claims Not Rejected for Inherent Function of Disclosed Apparatus
Note:
A process claim is not rejected solely because the application discloses an apparatus that inherently performs the recited steps, provided it is otherwise patentable.

Process or method claims are not subject to rejection by U.S. Patent and Trademark Office examiners under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, solely on the ground that they define the inherent function of a disclosed machine or apparatus. In re Tarczy-Hornoch, 397 F.2d 856, 158 USPQ 141 (CCPA 1968). The court in Tarczy-Hornoch held that a process claim, otherwise patentable, should not be rejected merely because the application of which it is a part discloses an apparatus which will inherently carry out the recited steps.

Jump to MPEP SourceLack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))35 U.S.C. 112(b) – Definiteness (MPEP 2171-2173)Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))

Citations

Primary topicCitation
35 U.S.C. 112(b) – Definiteness (MPEP 2171-2173)
Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))
Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))
35 U.S.C. § 112
35 U.S.C. 112(b) – Definiteness (MPEP 2171-2173)
Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))
Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))
35 U.S.C. § 112(b)
35 U.S.C. 112(b) – Definiteness (MPEP 2171-2173)
Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))
Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))
In re Tarczy-Hornoch, 397 F.2d 856, 158 USPQ 141 (CCPA 1968)

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31