MPEP § 2173.05 — Specific Topics Related to Issues Under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, Second Paragraph (Annotated Rules)

§2173.05 Specific Topics Related to Issues Under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, Second Paragraph

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 2173.05, including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Specific Topics Related to Issues Under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, Second Paragraph

This section addresses Specific Topics Related to Issues Under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, Second Paragraph. Primary authority: 35 U.S.C. 112(b), 35 U.S.C. 112, and 35 U.S.C. 112(f). Contains: 2 permissions and 4 other statements.

Key Rules

Topic

Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))

3 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2173-05-48d16c6484acab2962b5a093]
Topics for Issues Under Section 112(b)
Note:
Discusses specific topics where issues under section 112(b) have been addressed in recent examination practice.

The following sections are devoted to a discussion of specific topics where issues under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, have been addressed. These sections are not intended to be an exhaustive list of the issues that can arise under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, but are intended to provide guidance in areas that have been addressed with some frequency in recent examination practice. The court and Board decisions cited are representative. As with all appellate decisions, the results are largely dictated by the facts in each case. The use of the same language in a different context may justify a different result.

Jump to MPEP SourceAlternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))Disclosure Requirements
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2173-05-6c4b471933927ff4a4c3d5e5]
Specific Topics for Section 112(b) Guidance
Note:
Provides guidance on specific issues frequently addressed under section 112(b) of the patent law.

The following sections are devoted to a discussion of specific topics where issues under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, have been addressed. These sections are not intended to be an exhaustive list of the issues that can arise under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, but are intended to provide guidance in areas that have been addressed with some frequency in recent examination practice. The court and Board decisions cited are representative. As with all appellate decisions, the results are largely dictated by the facts in each case. The use of the same language in a different context may justify a different result.

Jump to MPEP SourceAlternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))Disclosure Requirements
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2173-05-76360ad2a1d6a3e57613183e]
Requirement for Complying with 35 U.S.C. 112(b) When 112(f) Applies
Note:
This rule outlines the requirements an applicant must meet under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, when invoking 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph.

See MPEP § 2181 for guidance in determining whether an applicant has complied with the requirements of 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, when 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, is invoked.

Jump to MPEP SourceAlternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))When 112(f) Is Invoked (MPEP 2181)
Topic

Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))

3 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2173-05-0aa89b94f6d1ddd5b9e32293]
Requirement for Antecedent Basis in Claims
Note:
Claims must refer back to elements described in the specification.

The following sections are devoted to a discussion of specific topics where issues under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, have been addressed. These sections are not intended to be an exhaustive list of the issues that can arise under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, but are intended to provide guidance in areas that have been addressed with some frequency in recent examination practice. The court and Board decisions cited are representative. As with all appellate decisions, the results are largely dictated by the facts in each case. The use of the same language in a different context may justify a different result.

Jump to MPEP SourceLack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))PTAB JurisdictionPTAB Contested Case Procedures
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-2173-05-7b435ab19ca62c4c63b08926]
Results Are Determined by Case Facts
Note:
The outcome of appellate decisions is primarily influenced by the specific facts presented in each case.

The following sections are devoted to a discussion of specific topics where issues under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, have been addressed. These sections are not intended to be an exhaustive list of the issues that can arise under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, but are intended to provide guidance in areas that have been addressed with some frequency in recent examination practice. The court and Board decisions cited are representative. As with all appellate decisions, the results are largely dictated by the facts in each case. The use of the same language in a different context may justify a different result.

Jump to MPEP SourceLack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))35 U.S.C. 112(b) – Definiteness (MPEP 2171-2173)Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-2173-05-45c63b42309467fcb7b79f17]
Language Use May Justify Different Results Under 35 U.S.C. 112(b)
Note:
The use of the same language in different contexts may lead to varying interpretations under section 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph.

The following sections are devoted to a discussion of specific topics where issues under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, have been addressed. These sections are not intended to be an exhaustive list of the issues that can arise under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, second paragraph, but are intended to provide guidance in areas that have been addressed with some frequency in recent examination practice. The court and Board decisions cited are representative. As with all appellate decisions, the results are largely dictated by the facts in each case. The use of the same language in a different context may justify a different result.

Jump to MPEP SourceLack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))Use Claims (MPEP 2173.05(q))35 U.S.C. 112(b) – Definiteness (MPEP 2171-2173)

Citations

Primary topicCitation
Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))
Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))
35 U.S.C. § 112
Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))
Lack of Antecedent Basis (MPEP 2173.05(e))
35 U.S.C. § 112(b)
Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))35 U.S.C. § 112(f)
Alternative Limitations (MPEP 2173.05(h))MPEP § 2181

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31