MPEP § 1878.01(a)(2) — Inventive Step for Purposes of the Written Opinion and the International Preliminary Examination Report (Annotated Rules)

§1878.01(a)(2) Inventive Step for Purposes of the Written Opinion and the International Preliminary Examination Report

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 1878.01(a)(2), including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Inventive Step for Purposes of the Written Opinion and the International Preliminary Examination Report

This section addresses Inventive Step for Purposes of the Written Opinion and the International Preliminary Examination Report. Contains: 1 requirement.

Key Rules

Topic

Patent Cooperation Treaty

2 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1878-01-a-2-bb0099f1a46aa5bfe759d41d]
Inventive Step Requirement for PCT
Note:
The inventive step must be defined according to PCT Article 33(3) for the Written Opinion and International Preliminary Examination Report.

Inventive step is defined in PCT Article 33(3).

Jump to MPEP SourcePatent Cooperation TreatyArticle 34 AmendmentsInternational Preliminary Examination (Chapter II)
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1878-01-a-2-a143a14de5c7af506f60f704]
Requirement for Written Opinion of International Searching Authority
Note:
The rule requires the written opinion of the International Searching Authority to be provided in accordance with PCT Rule 43bis.1(b).

The above provisions apply mutatis mutandis to the written opinion of the International Searching Authority. See PCT Rule 43bis.1(b).

Jump to MPEP SourcePatent Cooperation TreatyInternational Searching Authority (ISA)Written Opinion of ISA
Topic

35 U.S.C. 103 – Obviousness

1 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1878-01-a-2-2118d26cf2024bfb701db89d]
Claim Must Be Compared to Prior Art as a Whole
Note:
The claim must be evaluated in relation to all prior art, not just individual documents or their parts, considering obvious combinations of such documents.

For the purposes of Article 33(3), the international preliminary examination shall take into consideration the relation of any particular claim to the prior art as a whole. It shall take into consideration the claim’s relation not only to individual documents or parts thereof taken separately but also its relation to combinations of such documents or parts of documents, where such combinations are obvious to a person skilled in the art.

Topic

International Searching Authority (ISA)

1 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1878-01-a-2-36fe11633098c74a9aed812e]
Written Opinion Requirement for ISA
Note:
The rule requires that the provisions apply similarly to the written opinion of the International Searching Authority as they do to other requirements.

The above provisions apply mutatis mutandis to the written opinion of the International Searching Authority. See PCT Rule 43bis.1(b).

Jump to MPEP SourceInternational Searching Authority (ISA)Written Opinion of ISAInternational Search

Citations

Primary topicCitation
Patent Cooperation TreatyPCT Article 33(3)
International Searching Authority (ISA)
Patent Cooperation Treaty
PCT Rule 43bis.1(b)

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31