MPEP § 1857 — International Publication (Annotated Rules)

§1857 International Publication

USPTO MPEP version: BlueIron's Update: 2025-12-31

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 1857, including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

International Publication

This section addresses International Publication. Primary authority: 35 U.S.C. 374. Contains: 4 requirements, 1 prohibition, 2 permissions, and 5 other statements.

Key Rules

Topic

Article 19 Amendment Scope

7 rules
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-1857-5cbcdec823c347c1c7c8e451]
International Application May Omit Expressions, Drawings, and Statements Contrary to Morality or Public Order
Note:
The International Bureau may omit expressions, drawings, and statements from international application publications if they are deemed contrary to morality or public order, indicating the omitted content and providing copies upon request.

(6) If the international application contains expressions or drawings which, in the opinion of the International Bureau, are contrary to morality or public order, or if, in its opinion, the international application contains disparaging statements as defined in the Regulations, it may omit such expressions drawings, and statements, from its publications, indicating the place and number of words or drawings omitted, and furnishing, upon request, individual copies of the passages omitted.

Jump to MPEP SourceArticle 19 Amendment ScopeRequest Content and FormPCT Article 19 Amendments
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1857-9b447d037438412e6f83adf2]
International Publication Number Required for Each Application
Note:
Each published international application must have a unique publication number different from its application number.

The International Bureau shall assign to each published international application an international publication number which shall be different from the international application number. The international publication number shall be used on the published international application and in the Gazette entry. It shall consist of the two-letter code “WO” followed by a four-digit indication of the year of publication, a slant, and a serial number consisting of six digits (e.g., “WO 2004/123456”).

Jump to MPEP SourceArticle 19 Amendment ScopePublication LanguagePCT Article 19 Amendments
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1857-d938e46de688f4932737e366]
Published International Applications Sent to Requesting Offices
Note:
The International Bureau sends published international applications to designated offices that have requested them on the specified date.

The publication of international applications currently occurs every Thursday. Under PCT Article 20 and PCT Rules 47.1(a) and 93bis.1, the International Bureau communicates published international applications to each of the designated Offices that have requested to receive such documents on the date specified by that Office. Published international applications are available from the WIPO’s Patentscope (www.wipo.int/ patentscope/en/).

Jump to MPEP SourceArticle 19 Amendment ScopePCT Article 19 AmendmentsPatent Cooperation Treaty
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-1857-6c75aa39dbbf363f1c7df41c]
Authority May Suggest Omitting Information from International Publication
Note:
The receiving Office, Authority for supplementary search, or the International Bureau may suggest to the applicant to request the omission of information satisfying PCT Rule 48.2(l) from the international publication.

Where the receiving Office, the International Searching Authority, the Authority specified for supplementary search, or the International Bureau notes any information satisfying the requirements of PCT Rule 48.2(l), above, that Office, Authority or Bureau may suggest to the applicant to request the omission of that information from the international publication. See PCT Rule 48.2(m).

Jump to MPEP SourceArticle 19 Amendment ScopeReceiving Office (RO/US)International Searching Authority (ISA)
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1857-ae9bb191259fc3fb4a12ac76]
International Bureau Must Notify Offices of Missing Information
Note:
The International Bureau must promptly notify relevant offices and authorities if it has omitted information from the international publication that is present in the application file.

Where the International Bureau has omitted such information from the international publication and that information is also contained in the file of the international application held by the receiving Office, the International Searching Authority, the Authority specified for supplemental search or the International Preliminary Examining Authority, the International Bureau shall promptly notify that Office and Authority accordingly. See PCT Rule 48.2(n).

Jump to MPEP SourceArticle 19 Amendment ScopeReceiving Office (RO/US)International Searching Authority (ISA)
StatutoryProhibitedAlways
[mpep-1857-ae1fd1b354abbae4c3394410]
International Bureau Can Restrict Information Access
Note:
The International Bureau may not provide access to certain information in its file if it does not serve public interest, would prejudice personal or economic interests, and there is no prevailing public interest for disclosure.

Upon a reasoned request by the applicant, the International Bureau shall not provide access to any information contained in its file and to any document contained in its file relating to such a request, if it finds that (i) this information does not obviously serve the purpose of informing the public about the international application; (ii) publication of such information would clearly prejudice the personal or economic interests of any person; and (iii) there is no prevailing public interest to have access to that information. The International Bureau will promptly notify the receiving Office, the International Searching Authority, the Authority specified for supplemental search or the International Preliminary Examining Authority where the International Bureau has omitted information from public access and that information is also contained in the file of that Office and Authority. See PCT Rule 94.1.

Jump to MPEP SourceArticle 19 Amendment ScopeReceiving Office (RO/US)Publication Language
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1857-febdaff140657fe9f814d556]
International Bureau Must Notify Relevant Authorities of Omitted Information
Note:
The International Bureau must promptly inform relevant offices and authorities if it omits information from public access that is also in their files.

Upon a reasoned request by the applicant, the International Bureau shall not provide access to any information contained in its file and to any document contained in its file relating to such a request, if it finds that (i) this information does not obviously serve the purpose of informing the public about the international application; (ii) publication of such information would clearly prejudice the personal or economic interests of any person; and (iii) there is no prevailing public interest to have access to that information. The International Bureau will promptly notify the receiving Office, the International Searching Authority, the Authority specified for supplemental search or the International Preliminary Examining Authority where the International Bureau has omitted information from public access and that information is also contained in the file of that Office and Authority. See PCT Rule 94.1.

Jump to MPEP SourceArticle 19 Amendment ScopeReceiving Office (RO/US)International Searching Authority (ISA)
Topic

Patent Cooperation Treaty

5 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1857-d74702df61ee0139a30b840f]
Published International Applications Available on WIPO’s Patentscope
Note:
International applications are published and made available through WIPO’s Patentscope website every Thursday.

The publication of international applications currently occurs every Thursday. Under PCT Article 20 and PCT Rules 47.1(a) and 93bis.1, the International Bureau communicates published international applications to each of the designated Offices that have requested to receive such documents on the date specified by that Office. Published international applications are available from the WIPO’s Patentscope (www.wipo.int/ patentscope/en/).

Jump to MPEP SourcePatent Cooperation TreatyArticle 19 Amendment ScopePublication Language
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1857-e1f1b7d53da53f565d701b69]
Sequence Listing Must Be Viewed Online
Note:
The sequence listing part of the description must be available for viewing and downloading on the page containing the published international application.

As of August 2, 2001, WIPO began to publish sequence listing parts of the description on the internet. Sequence listing parts of the description may be viewed and downloaded on the page containing the published international application or at https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/ sequences.jsf. This page also contains a link to the remainder of the published international application.

Jump to MPEP SourcePatent Cooperation TreatyPublication LanguageInternational Publication
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1857-b81c7a59dcd4fdfbe7fc90a7]
Information Suggestion for Omission from International Publication
Note:
The receiving Office may suggest the applicant to request the omission of information that satisfies PCT Rule 48.2(l) requirements from the international publication.

Where the receiving Office, the International Searching Authority, the Authority specified for supplementary search, or the International Bureau notes any information satisfying the requirements of PCT Rule 48.2(l), above, that Office, Authority or Bureau may suggest to the applicant to request the omission of that information from the international publication. See PCT Rule 48.2(m).

Jump to MPEP SourcePatent Cooperation TreatyArticle 19 Amendment ScopeReceiving Office (RO/US)
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1857-b85f8d28679fa6212cab3f34]
Omission Notification Requirement for International Publications
Note:
The International Bureau must notify relevant offices if important information is missing from the international publication but present in the application file.

Where the International Bureau has omitted such information from the international publication and that information is also contained in the file of the international application held by the receiving Office, the International Searching Authority, the Authority specified for supplemental search or the International Preliminary Examining Authority, the International Bureau shall promptly notify that Office and Authority accordingly. See PCT Rule 48.2(n).

Jump to MPEP SourcePatent Cooperation TreatyArticle 19 Amendment ScopeReceiving Office (RO/US)
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1857-80cb67452f3758a1e9052f91]
Access to File Information Restricted
Note:
The International Bureau may not provide access to certain file information if it does not serve public knowledge, would prejudice interests, or lacks public interest.

Upon a reasoned request by the applicant, the International Bureau shall not provide access to any information contained in its file and to any document contained in its file relating to such a request, if it finds that (i) this information does not obviously serve the purpose of informing the public about the international application; (ii) publication of such information would clearly prejudice the personal or economic interests of any person; and (iii) there is no prevailing public interest to have access to that information. The International Bureau will promptly notify the receiving Office, the International Searching Authority, the Authority specified for supplemental search or the International Preliminary Examining Authority where the International Bureau has omitted information from public access and that information is also contained in the file of that Office and Authority. See PCT Rule 94.1.

Jump to MPEP SourcePatent Cooperation TreatyArticle 19 Amendment ScopeReceiving Office (RO/US)
Topic

Nationals and Residents

3 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1857-a1f26f6e23f2b2ff068065b3]
Effects of International Publication Match National Publication
Note:
The effects of international publication for an applicant's rights in a designated state must match the national law requirements for compulsory publication of unexamined applications.

(1) As far as the protection of any rights of the applicant in a designated State is concerned, the effects, in that State, of the international publication of an international application shall, subject to the provisions of paragraphs (2) to (4), be the same as those which the national law of the designated State provides for the compulsory national publication of unexamined national applications as such.

Jump to MPEP SourceNationals and ResidentsReceiving Office (RO/US)Publication Language
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1857-e6f3d27d0098c8495af33ddb]
Publication Date Requirement for Designated States
Note:
The national law of designated states may require that the effects of international publication be applicable only from the date a copy is received by their national office.

(4) The national law of any designated State may provide that the effects provided for in paragraph (1) shall be applicable only from the date on which a copy of the international application as published under Article 21 has been received in the national Office of or acting for such State. The said Office shall publish the date of receipt in its gazette as soon as possible.

Jump to MPEP SourceNationals and ResidentsReceiving Office (RO/US)PCT International Application Filing
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1857-958e56fd80bd73865dc24346]
International Application Designation as U.S. Publication
Note:
An international application designating the United States under section 351(a) is deemed a publication under section 122(b), unless otherwise specified in section 154(d).

The publication under the treaty defined in section 351(a), of an international application designating the United States shall be deemed a publication under section 122(b), except as provided in section 154(d).

Jump to MPEP SourceNationals and ResidentsPublication LanguagePCT International Application Filing
Topic

Publication Language

2 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1857-78053be9e743671155abea3b]
No Publication Before Technical Preparations
Note:
An international application will not be published if it is withdrawn before technical preparations for publication are completed.

(5) There shall be no international publication if the international application is withdrawn or is considered withdrawn before the technical preparations for publication have been completed.

Jump to MPEP SourcePublication LanguageInternational PublicationPatent Cooperation Treaty
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1857-68cb6d4ea4dd4510bc21ea17]
International Applications Published Weekly on Thursdays
Note:
Published international applications are released every Thursday according to PCT rules.

The publication of international applications currently occurs every Thursday. Under PCT Article 20 and PCT Rules 47.1(a) and 93bis.1, the International Bureau communicates published international applications to each of the designated Offices that have requested to receive such documents on the date specified by that Office. Published international applications are available from the WIPO’s Patentscope (www.wipo.int/ patentscope/en/).

Jump to MPEP SourcePublication LanguageInternational PublicationPatent Cooperation Treaty
Topic

PCT Description Requirements

2 rules
StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-1857-41e604aaceb1911927b85944]
Sequence Listing Parts Must Be Published Online
Note:
As of August 2, 2001, sequence listing parts of the description must be published and made available for viewing and downloading on WIPO's website.

As of August 2, 2001, WIPO began to publish sequence listing parts of the description on the internet. Sequence listing parts of the description may be viewed and downloaded on the page containing the published international application or at https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/ sequences.jsf. This page also contains a link to the remainder of the published international application.

Jump to MPEP SourcePCT Description RequirementsPCT Description and ClaimsInternational Publication
StatutoryPermittedAlways
[mpep-1857-2a1fd0ffa0945fe8b447e800]
Sequence Listing Parts Must Be Viewable Online
Note:
The published international application must include viewable and downloadable sequence listing parts on the internet.

As of August 2, 2001, WIPO began to publish sequence listing parts of the description on the internet. Sequence listing parts of the description may be viewed and downloaded on the page containing the published international application or at https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/ sequences.jsf. This page also contains a link to the remainder of the published international application.

Jump to MPEP SourcePCT Description RequirementsPCT Description and ClaimsSequence Listing Format
Topic

Access to Published PCT Applications

1 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1857-db04ab21dbd3859e0deb375e]
Translation Required for Different Languages
Note:
The national law may require translations into the local language before certain effects of international publication are applicable.
(2) If the language in which the international publication has been effected is different from the language in which publications under the national law are effected in the designated State, the said national law may provide that the effects provided for in paragraph (1) shall be applicable only from such time as:
  • (i) a translation into the latter language has been published as provided by the national law, or
  • (ii) a translation into the latter language has been made available to the public, by laying open for public inspection as provided by the national law, or
  • (iii) a translation into the latter language has been transmitted by the applicant to the actual or prospective unauthorized user of the invention claimed in the international application, or
  • (iv) both the acts described in (i) and (iii), or both the acts described in (ii) and (iii), have taken place.
Jump to MPEP SourceAccess to Published PCT ApplicationsNationals and ResidentsReceiving Office (RO/US)
Topic

Patent Term Expiration

1 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1857-aca7d05415239b5fe7530a84]
Effect of International Publication Timing
Note:
The national law of a designated state may allow the effects of international publication to apply only from the expiration of 18 months after the priority date, if requested by the applicant before the 18-month mark.

(3) The national law of any designated State may provide that, where the international publication has been effected, on the request of the applicant, before the expiration of 18 months from the priority date, the effects provided for in paragraph (1) shall be applicable only from the expiration of 18 months from the priority date.

Jump to MPEP SourcePatent Term ExpirationPatent Term
Topic

International Publication

1 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1857-de9c10ffa861c5f49be4c00a]
Publication of Date of Receipt Required
Note:
The national Office must publish the date it received a copy of an international application in its gazette as soon as possible.

(4) The national law of any designated State may provide that the effects provided for in paragraph (1) shall be applicable only from the date on which a copy of the international application as published under Article 21 has been received in the national Office of or acting for such State. The said Office shall publish the date of receipt in its gazette as soon as possible.

Jump to MPEP SourceInternational PublicationPublication LanguageNationals and Residents
Topic

National Stage Entry Timing (30 Months)

1 rules
StatutoryRequiredAlways
[mpep-1857-ed5375ed529609988b2bc1a7]
International Publication Number Required for Application
Note:
Each published international application must have a unique number consisting of 'WO' followed by the year and a six-digit serial number.

The International Bureau shall assign to each published international application an international publication number which shall be different from the international application number. The international publication number shall be used on the published international application and in the Gazette entry. It shall consist of the two-letter code “WO” followed by a four-digit indication of the year of publication, a slant, and a serial number consisting of six digits (e.g., “WO 2004/123456”).

Jump to MPEP SourceNational Stage Entry Timing (30 Months)Publication LanguageNational Stage Entry
Topic

Access to Patent Application Files (MPEP 101-106)

1 rules
StatutoryProhibitedAlways
[mpep-1857-6dcc92b430367bde7792e8b7]
Access to Omitted Information Prohibited
Note:
The International Bureau may not provide access to any information or documents related to omitted publications.

The International Bureau shall not provide access to any information contained in its file which has been omitted from publication as described above, nor to any document contained in its file relating to a request for such omission.

Jump to MPEP SourceAccess to Patent Application Files (MPEP 101-106)
Topic

Third Party Access to Files (MPEP 103, 1134.01)

1 rules
StatutoryProhibitedAlways
[mpep-1857-0add7808077b1087f47fb723]
Omitted Information Not Accessible
Note:
The receiving office and other authorities shall not provide access to information that has been notified by the International Bureau as omitted from publication or public access.

The receiving Office, the International Searching Authority, the Authority specified for supplemental search or the International Preliminary Examining Authority shall not provide access to any information in respect of which it has been notified by the International Bureau that the information has been omitted from publication or from public access.

Jump to MPEP SourceThird Party Access to Files (MPEP 103, 1134.01)Access to Patent Application Files (MPEP 101-106)

Citations

Primary topicCitation
Article 19 Amendment Scope
Patent Cooperation Treaty
Publication Language
PCT Article 20
Article 19 Amendment Scope
Patent Cooperation Treaty
Publication Language
PCT Rules 47.1(a)
Article 19 Amendment Scope
Patent Cooperation Treaty
PCT Rule 48.2(n)
Article 19 Amendment Scope
Patent Cooperation Treaty
PCT Rule 94.1

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31