What types of nonpatent publications are considered in patent examinations?

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Source: FAQ (MPEP-Based) BlueIron Update: 2024-09-27 5 Rules 5 Related FAQs This page is an FAQ based on guidance from the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only: it is not legal advice. According to MPEP 901.06 , nonpatent publications considered in patent examinations include: Magazines Journals Technical bulletins Books Published papers Published articles Other scientific publications The MPEP states: “ Abstracting publications such as Chemical Abstracts, biographical encyclopedias such as American Men and Women of Science, and other appropriate books in various fields are maintained in related groups.” These publications are used to supplement the examiner’s search for prior art. Related Rules from the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure 5 rules Collapse Requirement for Examiner's Action Under 1.104(a)(1) MPEP 901 References Use Publication Date MPEP 901.06 Permitted Electronic Information Center Required for Each Technology Center MPEP 901.06 Copies of Non-patent Literature Can Be Requested from STIC Facilities MPEP 901.06 Permitted Same Prior Art for Reissue as Original MPEP 1440 Permitted Other Related FAQs 5 FAQs Collapse How are foreign language publications handled in patent examinations? What are nonpatent publications in patent examination? What is the purpose of the nonpatent literature collection in patent examination? Can an abandoned application be used as prior art? What are the exceptions to the 18-month publication rule for patent applications?