What symbols should be used to represent nucleotide sequences?

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Source: FAQ (MPEP-Based) BlueIron Update: 2024-09-30 10 Rules 5 Related FAQs This page is an FAQ based on guidance from the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only: it is not legal advice. According to WIPO Standard ST.26, paragraph 13, all nucleotides in a sequence must be represented using the symbols in Table 1: List of Nucleotides Symbols. Only lowercase letters must be used. The most important symbols are: a – for adenine c – for cytosine g – for guanine t – for thymine in DNA or uracil in RNA n – for any nucleotide (“a”, “c”, “g”, “t/u”) The MPEP states: “ Any symbol used to represent a nucleotide is the equivalent of only one residue. “ Related Rules from the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure 10 rules Collapse Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences Must Be in XML Format MPEP 1823.02 Required Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences Must Be in XML Format MPEP 1848 Required WIPO Standard ST.26 Incorporation MPEP 2412 Access to Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequence Material at NARA MPEP 2412 Requirement for Sequence Disclosure in Filings MPEP 2412.05 Requirement for Sequence Listings in XML Format MPEP 2412 Sequence Listing Must Be In XML Format MPEP 2412 Required Sequence Data Must Be Presented in Standardized XML Format MPEP 2412 Sequence Listing Must Be In XML Format MPEP 2412 Sequence Listing Must Be In XML Format MPEP 2412 Permitted Other Related FAQs 5 FAQs Collapse How are amino acids with ambiguous positions represented in sequence listings? What symbols should be used to represent amino acid sequences? What are the accepted symbols for modified nucleotides in sequence listings? What format should be used for nucleotide sequences in patent applications? How should circular sequences be represented in a sequence listing?