What are the character encoding requirements for ASCII plain text sequence listings?

This page is an FAQ based on guidance from the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only: it is not legal advice.

The character encoding for ASCII plain text sequence listings is crucial for proper processing by the USPTO. According to MPEP 2422.03(a):

“The ASCII plain text file must be encoded in UTF-8.“

This requirement ensures that:

• The sequence listing can be accurately read and processed by USPTO systems.
• Special characters and symbols are correctly represented.
• There is consistency across all submitted sequence listings.

Applicants must ensure that their text editors or software used to create the sequence listing are set to save the file in UTF-8 encoding. Failure to use the correct encoding may result in processing errors or rejection of the sequence listing.