What are references within CPC titles?

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Source: FAQ (MPEP-Based) BlueIron Update: 2024-09-27 3 Rules 5 Related FAQs This page is an FAQ based on guidance from the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only: it is not legal advice. References within CPC (Cooperative Patent Classification) titles are statements enclosed in parentheses that point to other classification places of interest. As stated in MPEP 905.01(a)(1) : “References are statements enclosed within parentheses in titles. The references point to other classification places that may be of interest.” These references apply to the classification place where they appear and all hierarchically lower places, unless otherwise stated. Related Rules from the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure 3 rules Collapse Multipart Title Describes Separate Information Entities MPEP 905.01(a) Recommended Multipart Title Separated by Semicolon MPEP 905.01(a) Recommended Subclass Covers Refrigerators, Cold Rooms, Ice Boxes, and Other Cooling Devices MPEP 905.01(a) Recommended Other Related FAQs 5 FAQs Collapse How does the hierarchical application of Notes work in CPC schemes? What is the difference between Notes at different levels of the CPC hierarchy? Why are Notes important in the CPC classification process? What types of information do Notes provide in CPC schemes? What are references in CPC titles and how do they affect classification?