How should nucleotide sequences be represented in patent applications?

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Source: FAQ (MPEP-Based) BlueIron Update: 2024-09-30 10 Rules 5 Related FAQs This page is an FAQ based on guidance from the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only: it is not legal advice. According to MPEP 2412.05(b) , nucleotide sequences in patent applications filed on or after July 1, 2022, must be represented as follows: A single strand, in the 5′ to 3′ direction from left to right Using only lower-case letters The first nucleotide is residue position number 1 Numbering is continuous throughout the sequence As stated in the MPEP, “ A nucleotide sequence must be represented in the manner described in paragraphs 11–12 of WIPO Standard ST.26. ” This means that designations like 5′ and 3′ should not be included in the sequence itself. Related Rules from the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure 10 rules Collapse Nucleotide Sequence Must Conform to WIPO Standard ST.26 MPEP 2412.05(b) Required Representation and Symbols for Nucleotide Sequences Must Conform to WIPO Standard ST.26 MPEP 2412.05(b) Required First Nucleotide Is Position 1 MPEP 2412.05(b) Sequence Data Must Be Presented in Standardized XML Format MPEP 2412 Modified Nucleotides Must Be Represented as Unmodified Where Possible MPEP 2412.05(b) Prohibited Modified Nucleotides Must Be Represented as 'n' MPEP 2412.05(b) Unknown Nucleotide Must Be Represented by 'n' MPEP 2412.05(b) Required Modified Nucleotides Must Be Described According to WIPO Standard ST.26 MPEP 2412.05(b) Required Symbols for Nucleotide Sequences Must Conform to WIPO Standard ST.26 MPEP 2412.05(b) Required Last Residue Position Must Equal Nucleotides Count MPEP 2412.05(b) Required Other Related FAQs 5 FAQs Collapse How should regions of consecutive modified nucleotides be described in a patent application? How are modified nucleotides described in a patent application? What symbols should be used to represent nucleotides in a sequence? How should circu...