How does 35 U.S.C. 112(f) relate to the doctrine of equivalents?
35 U.S.C. 112(f) (formerly 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph) has a specific relationship to the doctrine of equivalents. MPEP 2186 explains:
“35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, permit means- (or step-) plus-function limitations in claims to combinations, ‘with the proviso that application of the broad literal language of such claims must be limited to only those means that are ‘equivalent’ to the actual means shown in the patent specification. This is an application of the doctrine of equivalents in a restrictive role, narrowing the application of broad literal claim elements.'”
In essence, 35 U.S.C. 112(f) applies the doctrine of equivalents in a restrictive manner to means-plus-function claim limitations, limiting their scope to equivalents of the structures disclosed in the specification.
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