How do reversal, duplication, or rearrangement of parts affect patentability?

Reversal, duplication, or rearrangement of parts generally have limited impact on patentability unless they produce unexpected results or solve a specific problem. According to MPEP 2144.04, these changes are often considered obvious modifications. Reversal of Parts: “mere reversal of such movement… was held to be an obvious modification.” (In re Gazda) Duplication of Parts: “mere…

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