What are the appellant’s options when an Examiner’s Answer includes new grounds of rejection?

When an Examiner’s Answer includes new grounds of rejection, the appellant has two main options: Reopen prosecution: File a reply under 37 CFR 1.111 within two months of the Examiner’s Answer. Maintain the appeal: File a reply brief under 37 CFR 41.41 within two months of the Examiner’s Answer. The MPEP provides specific guidance: “Accordingly,…

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