MPEP § 806 — Determination of Distinctness or Independence of Claimed Inventions (Annotated Rules)

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 806, including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Determination of Distinctness or Independence of Claimed Inventions

This section addresses Determination of Distinctness or Independence of Claimed Inventions. Primary authority: 37 CFR 806.05(j) and 37 CFR 809.03.

Key Rules

Conditional Requirements (1)

StatutoryProhibitedAlways
[mpep-806-ecabbfe0cd0db667a653ad6b]
Requirement for Non-Distinct Inventions Not to Be Restricted
Note:
The requirement for restriction cannot be made when related inventions as claimed are not distinct, preventing double patenting.

Where restriction is required by the Office double patenting cannot be held, and thus, it is imperative the requirement should never be made where related inventions as claimed are not distinct. For (B) and (C) see MPEP § 806.05§ 806.05(j) and § 809.03. See MPEP § 802.01 for criteria for patentably distinct inventions.

Permitted Actions (3)

MPEP GuidancePermittedAlways
[mpep-806-5db797058215969f7aaa44e4]
Invention Distinctness Requirement
Note:
The rule outlines the conditions under which inventions must be distinct to require restriction in patent applications.
The general principles relating to distinctness or independence may be summarized as follows:
  • (A) Where inventions are independent (i.e., no disclosed relation therebetween), restriction to one thereof is ordinarily proper, MPEP § 806.06.
  • (B) Where inventions are related as disclosed but are distinct as claimed, restriction may be proper.
  • (C) Where inventions are related as disclosed but are not distinct as claimed, restriction is never proper.
  • (D) A reasonable number of species may be claimed when there is an allowable claim generic thereto. 37 CFR 1.141, MPEP § 806.04.
MPEP GuidancePermittedAlways
[mpep-806-be43d866eeed25f724a7d23b]
Invention Distinctness Requirement
Note:
Where inventions are disclosed as related but claimed as distinct, restriction may be proper.

The general principles relating to distinctness or independence may be summarized as follows:

(B) Where inventions are related as disclosed but are distinct as claimed, restriction may be proper.

MPEP GuidancePermittedAlways
[mpep-806-0ecb1851a44a988405e8b8ac]
Reasonable Number of Species May Be Claimed When Generic Claim Is Allowed
Note:
This rule permits claiming a reasonable number of species when there is an allowable generic claim.

The general principles relating to distinctness or independence may be summarized as follows:

(D) A reasonable number of species may be claimed when there is an allowable claim generic thereto.

Definitions & Scope (4)

MPEP GuidanceInformativeAlways
[mpep-806-27a0a7b4c2b148078ec89388]
Restriction to One Independent Invention Is Proper
Note:
When inventions are independent and have no disclosed relation, the restriction to one invention is ordinarily proper.

The general principles relating to distinctness or independence may be summarized as follows (A) Where inventions are independent (i.e., no disclosed relation therebetween), restriction to one thereof is ordinarily proper, MPEP § 806.06.

MPEP GuidanceInformativeAlways
[mpep-806-7c46a62fcace15bc619b0398]
Where Inventions Are Related But Not Distinct, Restriction Is Never Proper
Note:
If inventions are disclosed as related but not distinct in claims, restriction is never appropriate.

The general principles relating to distinctness or independence may be summarized as follows:

(C) Where inventions are related as disclosed but are not distinct as claimed, restriction is never proper.

MPEP GuidanceInformativeAlways
[mpep-806-ff3203c736b8357fbe2abe5a]
Allowable Claim Must Cover Reasonable Number of Species
Note:
An allowable claim must cover a reasonable number of species that are generic to the claimed inventions.

The general principles relating to distinctness or independence may be summarized as follows:

37 CFR 1.141, MPEP § 806.04.

StatutoryInformativeAlways
[mpep-806-153b741a80922bc943879688]
Requirement for Distinct Inventions
Note:
The requirement for distinct inventions must not be made where related inventions as claimed are not patentably distinct.

Where restriction is required by the Office double patenting cannot be held, and thus, it is imperative the requirement should never be made where related inventions as claimed are not distinct. For (B) and (C) see MPEP § 806.05§ 806.05(j) and § 809.03. See MPEP § 802.01 for criteria for patentably distinct inventions.

Citations

Primary topicCitation
37 CFR § 1.141
37 CFR § 806.05(j)
37 CFR § 809.03
MPEP § 802.01
MPEP § 806.04
MPEP § 806.05
MPEP § 806.06

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2026-01-17