MPEP § 2173.05(s) — Reference to Figures or Tables (Annotated Rules)

This page consolidates and annotates all enforceable requirements under MPEP § 2173.05(s), including statutory authority, regulatory rules, examiner guidance, and practice notes. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only, it is not legal advice.

Reference to Figures or Tables

This section addresses Reference to Figures or Tables.

Key Rules

Permitted Actions (2)

MPEP GuidancePermittedAlways
[mpep-2173-05-s-ed0a93a843c1041408027481]
Incorporation of Figures or Tables Only in Exceptional Cases
Note:
Claims should be complete, but incorporation by reference to figures or tables is allowed only when it is more concise than duplicating the drawing or table into the claim.

Where possible, claims are to be complete in themselves. Incorporation by reference to a specific figure or table “is permitted only in exceptional circumstances where there is no practical way to define the invention in words and where it is more concise to incorporate by reference than duplicating a drawing or table into the claim. Incorporation by reference is a necessity doctrine, not for applicant’s convenience.” Ex parte Fressola, 27 USPQ2d 1608, 1609 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1993) (citations omitted).

MPEP GuidancePermittedAlways
[mpep-2173-05-s-76d8012f5fbbc3e60a08f5ee]
Reference Characters Do Not Affect Claim Scope
Note:
The presence or absence of reference characters in claims does not affect the scope of a claim.

Reference characters corresponding to elements recited in the detailed description and the drawings may be used in conjunction with the recitation of the same element or group of elements in the claims. Generally, the presence or absence of such reference characters does not affect the scope of a claim. See MPEP § 608.01(m) for information pertaining to the treatment of reference characters in a claim.

Definitions & Scope (2)

MPEP GuidanceInformativeAlways
[mpep-2173-05-s-52b20d18ba8107d5c32c8c75]
Claims Must Be Complete In Themselves
Note:
Claims should fully describe the invention without referencing figures or tables unless necessary for conciseness.

Where possible, claims are to be complete in themselves. Incorporation by reference to a specific figure or table “is permitted only in exceptional circumstances where there is no practical way to define the invention in words and where it is more concise to incorporate by reference than duplicating a drawing or table into the claim. Incorporation by reference is a necessity doctrine, not for applicant’s convenience.” Ex parte Fressola, 27 USPQ2d 1608, 1609 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1993) (citations omitted).

MPEP GuidanceInformativeAlways
[mpep-2173-05-s-95705e2bf3efbc00020b04fb]
Incorporation By Reference Is Required Not For Convenience
Note:
The rule states that incorporation by reference is a necessity doctrine and must be used when there is no practical way to define the invention in words, making it more concise than duplicating drawings or tables.

Where possible, claims are to be complete in themselves. Incorporation by reference to a specific figure or table “is permitted only in exceptional circumstances where there is no practical way to define the invention in words and where it is more concise to incorporate by reference than duplicating a drawing or table into the claim. Incorporation by reference is a necessity doctrine, not for applicant’s convenience.” Ex parte Fressola, 27 USPQ2d 1608, 1609 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1993) (citations omitted).

Citations

Primary topicCitation
MPEP § 608.01(m)

Source Text from USPTO’s MPEP

This is an exact copy of the MPEP from the USPTO. It is here for your reference to see the section in context.

BlueIron Last Updated: 2025-12-31