What are the accepted symbols for modified nucleotides in sequence listings?

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Source: FAQ (MPEP-Based) BlueIron Update: 2024-09-30 10 Rules 5 Related FAQs This page is an FAQ based on guidance from the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only: it is not legal advice. According to MPEP 2412.05 , modified nucleotides can be represented in sequence listings using specific symbols. The MPEP states: “Modified nucleotides may be represented in the sequences as described in paragraph 3 of this section with the symbol “n,” and must be further described in the Feature section of the Sequence Listing.” This means that any modified nucleotide should be represented by the symbol ‘n’ in the sequence itself. Additional details about the modification must be provided in the Feature section of the Sequence Listing to fully describe the nature of the modification. Related Rules from the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure 10 rules Collapse Requirement for Sequence Listings in XML Format MPEP 2412 Sequence Listing Must Be In XML Format MPEP 2412 Required Access to Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequence Material at NARA MPEP 2412 Sequence Data Must Be Presented in Standardized XML Format MPEP 2412 Sequence Listing Must Be In XML Format MPEP 2412 Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences Must Be in XML Format MPEP 1823.02 Required Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences Must Be in XML Format MPEP 1848 Required Source for Sequence Listing Required MPEP 2412 Permitted Sequence Listing Must Be In XML Format MPEP 2412 Permitted Requirement for Sequence Disclosure in Filings MPEP 2412.05 Other Related FAQs 5 FAQs Collapse How are amino acids with ambiguous positions represented in sequence listings? What symbols should be used to represent amino acid sequences? What symbols should be used to represent nucleotide sequences? What format should be used for nucleotide sequences in patent applications? How should circular sequences be represented in a sequence listing?