What are the standard nucleotides not considered as “Modified Nucleotides” according to MPEP 2412.03(e)?

MPEP 2412.03(e) provides a list of standard nucleotides that are not considered “Modified Nucleotides”. These are:

• deoxyadenosine 3′-monophosphate
• deoxyguanosine 3′-monophosphate
• deoxycytidine 3′-monophosphate
• deoxythymidine 3′-monophosphate
• adenosine 3′-monophosphate
• guanosine 3′-monophosphate
• cytidine 3′-monophosphate
• uridine 3′-monophosphate

These nucleotides represent the standard DNA (first four) and RNA (last four) building blocks. Any nucleotide that is not one of these standard nucleotides would be considered a “Modified Nucleotide” for the purposes of patent applications filed on or after July 1, 2022.

To learn more:

• Standard Nucleotides
• DNA
• RNA
• Modified Nucleotide
• Patent Application