Can trademarks or trade names be used in patent claims?

While trademarks or trade names can appear in patent claims, their use to identify or describe a particular material or product generally renders the claim indefinite under 35 U.S.C. 112(b). According to MPEP 2173.05(u): “If the trademark or trade name is used in a claim as a limitation to identify or describe a particular material…

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What is a Markush group in a patent claim?

A Markush group is a way of claiming a list of alternatively useable members in a patent claim. According to MPEP 2173.05(h): “A Markush grouping is a closed group of alternatives, i.e., the selection is made from a group ‘consisting of’ (rather than ‘comprising’ or ‘including’) the alternative members.” Markush groups are typically used to…

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