What are the requirements for translations of non-English language prior art in patent applications?

According to MPEP 901.05(d), translations of non-English language prior art must meet specific requirements:

  • The translation must be a complete translation of the entire document, including the abstract, text, and all figures.
  • If the translation is a machine translation, it should be identified as such.
  • The translation should be accurate and reliable.
  • The original foreign language document should be made of record along with the translation.

The MPEP states: “Examiners may rely on a machine translation of a foreign language document unless the machine translation is not of sufficient quality to be adequate evidence of the contents of the document.”

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Tags: machine translations, non-english prior art, patent applications, Translations