How do references in CPC titles affect classification?

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Source: FAQ (MPEP-Based) BlueIron Update: 2024-09-27 4 Rules 5 Related FAQs This page is an FAQ based on guidance from the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure. It is provided as guidance, with links to the ground truth sources. This is information only: it is not legal advice. References in CPC titles play a crucial role in patent classification by providing guidance on the scope and relationships between different classification places. The MPEP 905.01(a)(1) explains: “References apply to the classification place they appear and to all hierarchically lower classification places, unless stated otherwise.” This means that references help establish a hierarchical structure within the classification system, guiding patent examiners and searchers to related or more specific categories. They can limit the scope of a classification place, point to related areas of interest, or establish precedence between similar groups, ensuring a more accurate and comprehensive classification of patent documents. Related Rules from the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure 4 rules Collapse Multipart Title Describes Separate Information Entities MPEP 905.01(a) Recommended Multipart Title Separated by Semicolon MPEP 905.01(a) Recommended Subclass Covers Refrigerators, Cold Rooms, Ice Boxes, and Other Cooling Devices MPEP 905.01(a) Recommended Record and Search Copies Must Be Processed Before Secrecy Order MPEP 120 Required Other Related FAQs 5 FAQs Collapse How does the hierarchical application of Notes work in CPC schemes? What is the difference between Notes at different levels of the CPC hierarchy? Why are Notes important in the CPC classification process? What types of information do Notes provide in CPC schemes? What are references in CPC titles and how do they affect classification?